The results or findings section is a crucial part of any research paper. This section focuses on presenting the discoveries made during the study. It explains what the research process uncovered and answers the key question: “What did you find?”

Often seen as the foundation of the study, this section sets the stage for the discussion part of the paper.

In the discussion, researchers interpret the results, explore their meaning, and explain their importance. Because of this, it’s essential for researchers to know how to write and present this section clearly and effectively.

How do we structure the results and findings section?

When presenting research results, it’s important to organize them in a clear and logical way.

Introduction

Start by briefly restating the research questions or hypothesis. This helps give context and ensures the reader stays focused on the main points. Repeating these questions at the beginning of the results section refreshes the reader’s mind and helps them understand the findings in relation to the original questions.

Presenting the Results

To keep the information clear, present the results in a structured way. Begin with the main research question, then report the findings. For example, if the research question is: "What do teenagers think about counselling services offered by their schools or universities?" In the results section, under a heading like "Teenagers' Views on Counselling Services," you can show the data in a table and then explain the results. If the study is qualitative, you can present the findings based on themes.

Text and Visuals

To communicate the results clearly, use both text and visuals. However, avoid overwhelming the reader with too many tables and figures. This can distract from the key points. Ensure that all visuals are numbered properly and match the numbers used in the main text. Each visual should have a clear caption, and the design should be simple so the reader can easily understand the information.

Conclusion

End the results section with a brief summary of the main findings. This will naturally lead into the discussion section, where the results are analyzed and interpreted.

Publication Guidelines

Before writing the results section, it's important to review the formatting guidelines of the journal or university. Looking at other papers published in the same journal can help you understand their preferred approach, including the structure, length, and how to use visuals.

What should be included in the results and findings section?  

A well-written results section includes both text and visuals to present the main findings of the research. It focuses on showing what was discovered, measured, or observed without offering any explanations. This section typically includes the following:

Summary of Key Results

Start by summarizing the main findings and explain how they answer the research questions or support the hypotheses. This gives readers a clear understanding of the outcomes.

Visual Representation of Data

Use tables, graphs, and charts to display data in a way that’s easy to understand. Visuals can help communicate complex information quickly. Make sure all visuals are properly labeled and referred to within the text.

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Provide key statistics like medians, frequencies, or percentages to give an overview of the data. If relevant, include inferential statistics to show whether the findings are statistically significant.

Focus on Relevant Data

Only include data that directly relates to the main research questions. Avoid adding results that don’t contribute to answering these questions. If your study has multiple questions or hypotheses, report the findings for each one separately to make the results easier to follow.

Key tips to keep in mind when writing the results and findings section 

When presenting research findings, it's important to be clear and precise. Avoid vague language and ensure the draft is free from any grammatical mistakes.

• Do not interpret the findings in this section. Interpretation should be saved for the discussion. Focus only on the most important results, and use appendices for any extra data that isn't directly relevant to the main findings.

• Keep a neutral, academic tone when presenting your results. Your tone should be unbiased, as this strengthens the credibility of your research paper.

• Always double-check your facts and figures to ensure they are correct.

• Be sure to include any negative findings. These can be further explained in the discussion section.

• Don’t repeat data from visuals in the text. Instead, summarize the key takeaways and make sure all data is relevant to the research questions.

• A well-organized and transparent results section will clearly present your findings. This sets the stage for a thorough discussion and meaningful interpretation of the data.