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Ask the parent to describe positive and negative experiences
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Ask a school counselor or a teacher to review an IEP with yo
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1)Discuss a strategy, beyond those reviewed in this chapter,
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1)Which of the strengths associated with gay and lesbian fam
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Tamara and her mother live in a battered-women’s shelt
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MrDoug’s fourth-grade class is studying about fire saf
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Before Thanks giving, the principal at Ms. Darity’s sc
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Interview a single parent, a stepparent, or a grandparent ca
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1)Do you offer activities that involve both grandparents and
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1)Which of the strengths reviewed in this chapter do you bel
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Identifying and monitoring osteoporosis, featuring use of:
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1) Neonatal screening for inborn errors of metabolism, inclu
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1)Screening for colorectal cancer by once only flexible sigm
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Innovations in knowledge and technology that appeared in the
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Innovations in knowledge and technology that appeared in the
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Compared with present practice, will there be any changes in
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What will be the magnitude of the benefit compared with pres
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1) How did you search for evidence to support this proposal?
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1) Management of mild hypertension 2)Cholesterol screenin
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1) Systemic adjuvant therapy for breast cancer 2)Treatmen
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1) Prenatal steroids to prevent respiratory distress syndrom
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Are the criteria relevant to the local service? • Ho
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How scientifically was the study done? • Were steps
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Are the criteria evidence based? • Is there evidence
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1)There is a reasonable chance that the procedure will benef
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Were all possible hypotheses examined? Often the report of a
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Were there clearly identified and appropriate comparison gro
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Were the comparison groups similar with respect to important
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Are the outcome measures accurate and comprehensive? Large d
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1)Is there clear information about the method used to develo
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1)Is there good evidence that the intervention used as the i
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The aim of the programme is to reduce mortality from breast
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Monitoring quality standards 1)The Commission for Health
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Setting quality standards 1)The National Institute for Cl
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1)Was allowance made for uncertainty in the estimates of cos
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Was an incremental analysis of the costs and consequences of
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1) Were costs and consequences measured accurately in approp
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1) Was there evidence that the programme's effectiveness
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1) Was a well-defined question posed in an answerable form?
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1) Are the results applicable to the population in general?
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1) How well did the survey assess the experience of the pati
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1) How good is the instrument at measuring the three aspects
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1) How has the instrument been tested? 2)What is the inte
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1) Would the quality of training be important in determining
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Were the professionals participating in the study more highl
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1) Was the assessment of outcomes free from bias? 2)Was t
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Is the service or treatment under investigation similar to t
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Is the study population similar to the local population:
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If the trial results are positive and this treatment is bein
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1) What is the magnitude of the beneficial effect? 2)With
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1) Do the authors identify or discuss how their own values c
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1) Is the definition of equity clearly set out in the articl
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Are the skills to deliver a service of adequate quality avai
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1) Does the local healthcare service have the potential to r
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1) Does the population studied differ from the local populat
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1) The smaller the effect predicted, the larger the trial re
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If both ends of the range of confidence intervals lie on the
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1) The larger the sample of patients, the narrower will be t
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1) Were the results of the research kept separate from the c
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1) Did the research workers address the issues of subjectivi
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1) Was the research question clearly identified? 2)Was th
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1) Why are nurses and doctors not able to work with one anot
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1) Why do people not take the medicine prescribed for them?
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1) A means of identifying whether there are biases in the co
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1) An explicit peer-reviewed protocol. 2)Ethics committee
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1) Has sensitivity analysis been used to test the effect of
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1) Has sensitivity analysis been performed to determine whet
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If utilities or disutilities have been used, were they based
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1) What proportion of the branches in the decision tree repr
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Were the conclusions drawn from the survey all based on the
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Was a validated questionnaire used? Did the authors of the s
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1) How was the population to be surveyed chosen? Was it the
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1) Was the severity of disease taken into account in the ana
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1) If mortality is a criterion, what steps were taken to ens
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1) Is clear information given about the way in which the coh
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1) How wide are the confidence intervals? 2)What were the
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1) Was the difference consistent across studies? 2)Is the
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1) Is the magnitude of the difference clinically important?
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Will the results help locally? Are the benefits worth the
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Will the results help locally? Can the results be applied
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What are the results? 1) How large was the treatment effe
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1) Were patients, health workers and study personnel 'bl
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1) Was follow up complete? 2)Were patients analysed in th
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1) Was the assignment of patients to treatments randomised?
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Did the trial address a clearly focused issue? An issue c
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1) The smaller the effect expected in the treatment being te
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The defining features of an RCT In some types of RCT, such a
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The defining features of an RCT The assessment of outcome
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The defining features of an RCT Individuals in the treatm
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The defining features of an RCT All entrants to the trial
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The defining features of an RCT The individuals who might
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The defining features of an RCT There must be equipoise,
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1) Critical evaluation, 2)Incorporation into decisions.
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1) Awareness of the existence of systematic reviews. 2)Pe
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1) Was the searching technique limited to an electronic sear
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1) Was the study described as randomised (this includes the
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1) What are the overall results and how precise are they?
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1) Was the validity of the included studies assessed? 2)W
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1) Did the review article address a focused question? 2)I
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Despite the claims of some enthusiasts for RCTs, some import
