question archive 1) Identify the amino acid/s (precursor/s) for which the following bioactive compounds are synthesized : a) Serotonin b) Dopamine c) Epinephrine 2

1) Identify the amino acid/s (precursor/s) for which the following bioactive compounds are synthesized : a) Serotonin b) Dopamine c) Epinephrine 2

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1) Identify the amino acid/s (precursor/s) for which the following bioactive compounds are synthesized :

a) Serotonin

b) Dopamine

c) Epinephrine

2. Identify the purely ketogenic amino acids

3. Identify the purely glucogenic amino acids

4. Identify the coenzyme/s which are needed in oxidative deamination reaction/s.

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Question 1
A). L-tryptophan
L-tryptophan (Trp) is an important amino acid that serves as a precursor to the monoaminergic neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Tryptophan, an important amino acid, is used to make serotonin, which is then transformed to its activated state in nerve terminals. Reuptake of generated serotonin through a serotonin-specific transporters inactivates serotonin in the synaptic gap.

B). Tyrosine
The amino acid phenylalanine is used to start dopamine production, which is followed by tyrosine, DOPA, and finally dopamine. In this route, tyrosine hydroxylase is indeed the rate-limiting enzyme. DOPA decarboxylase, that decarboxylates DOPA to create dopamine, is yet another significant enzyme.
C). Acid tyrosine
The amino acid tyrosine is used to make epinephrine, which is then transformed to dihydroxyphenylalanine  by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. This would be the rate-limiting stage in the production of norepinephrine and epinephrine, and it has been controlled at numerous levels.

 

Step-by-step explanation


Question 2
lysine and leucine
Because they are degraded into the substrates for ketone body formation, acetyl-CoA as well as acetoacetate, lysine and leucine are the only completely ketogenic amino acids.
Question 3
Only lysine and leucine are ketogenic, while arginine, glutamate, glutamine, histidine, proline, valine, methionine, aspartate, asparagine, alanine, serine, cysteine, and glycine are all glucogenic.
Question 4
NAD  and NADP
The amino acid glutamate, that can be oxidatively deaminated either by enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase utilizing NAD or NADP as a cofactor, is involved in a lot of oxidative deamination in cells. -Ketoglutarate (-KG) and ammonia are produced in this process.