Name and describe the functional roles of the three different types of RNA in gene expression. 

 

Explain the relationship between codons and anticodons and the roles each plays in translation

Three types of RNA are used in the synthesis of proteins. The three kinds of RNA are messenger, transfer, and ribosomal.
Each strand of mRNA in eukaryotes codes for only one protein (or more than one protein in prokaryotes). During translation, ribosomes use the mRNA instructions as a template for recruiting and assembling amino acids to produce the desired peptides/proteins.
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are crucial in protein synthesis because they operate as "adaptor" molecules, translating genetic information recorded in DNA into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

The catalytic stages of protein synthesis, the joining of amino acids to form a protein molecule, are directed by the rRNA molecules within the ribosome. To represent this role, rRNA is often referred to as a ribozyme or catalytic RNA.

An mRNA molecule contains a codon. A tRNA molecule's anticodon is complementary to the mRNA codon and brings in the required amino acid. An amino acid is "coded" by a codon, which is a three-nucleotide "unit."
Anticodons can be present on tRNA molecules. During translation, their job is to base pair with the codon on a strand of mRNA. This guarantees that the right amino acid is supplied to the polypeptide chain as it grows.