1)

(a) What does Kant's Categorical Imperative require? Explain. 

(b) How does the Categorical Imperative - the first, universalization version - (purport to) show that lying is immoral? 

(c) Does it succeed? (d) Why or why not?

 

2)

(a) Explain Aristotle's theory of friendship. 

(b) Now, explain the argument that the author of our class reading offers to show that virtual friendship is no genuine friendship. 

(c) Do you agree with it? Don't forget to mention your argument with examples in favor of your claim.

QUESTION 1

(a) What does Kant's Categorical Imperative require? Explain. 

The categorial imperative  is a moral principle that denotes that one should "act in  accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law." these explain you should act in a certain way to have people reciprocating the same. The imperative is well explained with our relations ,when we are rude to other people they will be rude in return.

Kant proposed the categorical imperative , saying that moral absolute where by it should be followed by rational beings and following it should be goal itself.

(b) How does the Categorical Imperative - the first, universalization version - (purport to) show that lying is immoral? 

Kant reveals that we have the right to live a ethical life which is telling the truth. he wanted a way to get all these duties we have been talking about to work together ,to produce a unified recommendation, instead  of leaving us confused between loyalty to one another principle and another .

Lying is a primary issue in ethics .In businesses , one should exercise telling the truth to have transparent businesses. the universalization of acts says that even if you insist that a world could exist where everyone lied all the time . Most people might agree that lying is okay as long as we are the ones getting away with. Lying helps someone if they are sole liar. 

(c) Does it succeed? (d) Why or why not?

it succeed one should act in way that the rule for your action could be universalized is a consistency principle . this can be borrowed from the golden rule "treat others as you would like to be treated.' it forces one to ask themselves what would be the outcome if they follow a certain things.

QUESTION 2

(a) Explain Aristotle's theory of friendship. 

Aristotle explains the theory of friendship as a moral virtue ,since generosity, selfless, and courage which are easily given. it is in friendship people live a fulfilled life since they exercise moral virtue of minding another person. friendship is one of the common joys in life.in his teachings he mentioned two types of friendships, accidental and friendship of good. 

accidental friendship, Aristotle says that most friendships are accidental than intentional. the friendship of utility ,explains that two parties are not in for affection. these relationships are temporary ,whenever the benefits ends so does the relationship . according to Aristotle, the friendship utility was applicable to old people. another form of accidental friendship is a friendship based on pleasure, which is common  to younger people in colleges. Their friendship is committed over what they get in exchange.

Friendship of Good  this is a form of friendship that is more preferable compared to utility and pleasure. according to Aristotle's, this kind of friendship is based on mutual appreciation of virtues of the other person. the people in this friendship agrees to be in everyone's life.

(b) Now, explain the argument that the author of our class reading offers to show that virtual friendship is no genuine friendship. 

Based on Aristotle  theories of friendships , virtual friendship does not qualify to be a genuine friendship. Virtue friendship is the type of friendship that exists on the internet and seldom or never is combined with real life interactions. while traditional friendship is the friendship that involves a substantial real  life .

(c) Do you agree with it? Don't forget to mention your argument with examples in favor of your claim.

 I agree , virtual friendship is not genuine since there is no realism compared to any other type of friendship. i advocate for traditional friendships which is genuine since one is intentional on the friendship. a good example a group of friends meeting over coffee to catch up on what is going on their lives. they can offer advise compared to virtue friendship which is just what interest people than being selfless as a virtue.
 

Step-by-step explanation

Caven, P. (2015). Moral Disagreement-A Psychological Account and the Political Implications (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sheffield).