Database Management System (DBMS) sofhuare and application programs are installed at which database
life—cycle phase?

O a. Implementation and loading

O b. Maintenance and evaluation

O c. Database design
O d. Operation

The installation process entails installing the database management system (DBMS) on the appropriate hardware, optimizing the database to function optimally on that hardware and software platform, and creating and loading the database. The starting data could be either newly acquired data or data imported from a SQL database or another database management system. 

Step-by-step explanation

The installation process entails installing the database management system (DBMS) on the appropriate hardware, optimizing the database to function optimally on that hardware and software platform, and creating and loading the database. The starting data could be either newly acquired data or data imported from a SQL database or another database management system. 

During this phase, you also set up data integrity and grant access to the various individuals you've identified based on their needs. Finally, during this period, you start making backup plans.

The phases in the implementation approach are as follows:
Install the database management system.
Adjust the configuration variables based on the hardware, software, and usage circumstances.
Make a database and tables for it.
Load the information.
Set up the security and users.
Put the backup plan into action.

Implementation

The installation of a database according to the specifications of a logical schema is known as implementation. This will cover things like defining a proper storage schema, enforcing security, and defining an external schema, among other things. The choice of available DBMSs, database tools, and operating environment have a significant impact on implementation. Data must be entered into the tables, difficulties with users and user procedures must be addressed, and management activities related with wider areas of corporate information management must be supported, in additional to merely building a database schema and applying the constraints. We wish to handle as many of these challenges as possible within the DBMS, in keeping with the DBMS methodology. We'll take a look at a few of these issues immediately.

In practice, implementing the logical schema in a given DBMS necessitates a thorough understanding of the DBMS's specific features and capabilities. In an ideal world, and in accordance with excellent software practical application, the initial stage of implementation would comprise matching design requirements with the best available implementing tools, and then implementing those tools. In terms of databases, this could entail selecting vendor solutions with the best DBMS and SQL versions for the database we're building. However, we don't live in an ideal environment, and more often than not, hardware selection and DBMS decisions will have been determined far before database design consideration. As a result, deployment may necessitate more design flexibility to overcome any software or hardware limitations.