First

The health system in the United States is a big challenge for everyone. Many lawmakers have tried for years to get an inclusive, affordable, accessible system. The concept has been there for many years. The problem is the implementation of the acts and laws. The political discussion is another situation. Each party wants to win and get recognition and sometimes limits the other party any advance (Darnell & O’Brien, 2022).

One of the most significant achievements of the affordable care act was to take many minor laws and compact a significant law that improves specific areas of the law but also creates a big hole for others. One of the promising areas of the law was the universality in access, where many people that did not have access to health service now has that option, in many cases free or at a low cost. In other cases, at a high rate if the family surpasses a specific income limit. For others, the monthly payment was so high that it is better to pay as the medical needs appear. Another negative point was the obligatoriness, but that point was already fixed (Rosales et al., 2020).

Medical personnel got a significant push-up with the affordable act. Many new places open because of the amount of patient that now has access to medical services. Many more physicians, nurses, and other personnel were needed, and the already shortage of medical people brought another challenge to this situation and the pandemic started. Furthermore, many health personnel had an early retirement or got affected directly. Many even died (Darnell & O’Brien, 2022).

Rural areas got benefits because now more people have access to new medical facilities, and more personnel have to be hired to cover the positions. Some regulations are more flexible in some areas to practice medicine and some level. For example, in New York State, a nurse Practitioner can open a clinic and help many people in different communities who have to travel long distances for minimal check-ups and other medical necessities (Rosales et al., 2020).

The shortage is more significant and more extensive. Medical personnel are discouraged by the lack of help, regulations, and underpayment. Nevertheless, the situation for many medical providers now has more flexibility, more options, and fewer regulations, and the community is winning in the majority of the cases. One thing that needs to be addressed is the option of using thousands of foreign professionals with the knowledge and skills to help, but the route to get the licenses is very extended, and some providers are at a late age of life (Davis, 2022)

Second

In recent years, the role of the surrogate has become increasingly relevant to nursing practice. This is because the surrogate role allows nurses to provide care and support to patients who may not be able to receive it themselves. The surrogate role is defined by Peplau as a relationship in which one person acts on behalf of another person or group. In nursing, this can take the form of providing support and care to patients who are unable to do so themselves. This may include providing emotional support, administering medication, or performing other tasks that are necessary for the patient's health. Nursing practitioners who understand and embrace the role of the surrogate can provide much-needed support to patients. This can help them feel more in control of their lives and manage their care more effectively (Wasaya et al., 2021). By providing this type of care, nurses can help patients regain their dignity and sense of independence. The surrogate role emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship in providing care (Wasaya et al., 2021). This is particularly important in today's healthcare environment, where nurses are often responsible for coordinating care among a variety of different healthcare providers. The surrogate role emphasizes the importance of communication in providing care. This is also important in today's healthcare environment, where nurses are often responsible for providing patient information to other healthcare providers (Forchuk, 2021). This role is important because it helps ensure that everyone is on the same page and that the patient receives the best possible care. One of the most important aspects of the surrogate role is that it helps build trust between the patient and the healthcare team. When patients feel like they can trust their care team, they are more likely to open up and communicate their concerns. This helps ensure that the patient receives the best possible care and that any potential problems can be identified and addressed early on. The surrogate role emphasizes the importance of teamwork in providing care. This is important because it helps to ensure that patients receive the best possible care. The role of the surrogate is relevant to nursing practice because it allows nurses to provide support and care to patients who may not be able to receive it themselves (Forchuk, 2021). By embracing this role, nurses can help patients regain their dignity and sense of worth. When everyone is working together towards a common goal, it is easier to achieve success. This is particularly important in today's healthcare environment, where there are often multiple layers of bureaucracy between patients and their care team members.

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