Select one of the following articles to complete 

 

Heaton, H., Wang, R., Farrell, K., Ruelas, O., Goyal, D. Lohse, C., Sadosty, A., & Nestler, D. (2018). Time motion analysis: Impact of scribes on provider time management. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 55(1), 135-140. 

 

Kenne, D., Fischbein, R., Tan, A., & Banks, M. (2017). The use of substances other than nicotine in electronic cigarettes among college students. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 11, 1- 8. 

 

Lee, S., Dwyer, J., Paul, E., Clarke, D. Treleaven, S., & Roseby, R. (2019). Difference by age and sex in adolescent suicide. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 43(3).

 

 

Specifically, you must address the critical elements listed below.

 

I. Purpose: In this section of your analysis, you need to introduce the study you analyzed, describing its purpose, research question, and hypothesis. 

A. Describe the purpose of the study, including the research questions and hypothesis. 

 

II. Research Methods: In this section of your analysis, you will take a deep dive into the research methods used by the authors of the study you analyzed. It is important that you can identify, describe, and discuss the data collection and data analysis methodology used by the researchers. 

A. Identify whether the study design is experimental or observational. Support your identification with examples from the study. 

B. Identify the methods used to collect the data and explain why the methods are appropriate based on the research question. 

C. Identify the data collected as quantitative or categorical. Support your identification with examples from the study. 

D. Discuss the weakness of the data collection methods used. Support your discussion with specific details. 

E. Identify the data analysis methods used and explain why the methods are appropriate based on the research question. 

F. Discuss the potential weaknesses of the data analysis methods used. Support your discussion with examples from the study. 

G. Describe the key demographics of the population sampled and identify the inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants. 

 

III. Key Findings: Now that you have discussed the research methods used by the researchers, you will need to state and discuss their findings, differentiating between the results of the experimental and control groups. 

A. State the results of the research, describing how the researchers determined whether or not the results are statistically significant. 

B. Describe the differences in the results between the groups in the study and support your description with examples from the study. 

 

IV. Limitations of the Study: Unfortunately, every data collection method and data analysis method has limitations. In this section, you need to explain the limitations presented by the study population and the advantages and disadvantages of the statistical analysis used. 

A. Explain the limitations presented by the study population and sample size used. Support your explanation with examples from the study. 

B. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the type of statistical analysis used. Support your discussion with examples from the study. 

C. Identify the limitations of the study design used and explain why those limitations exist. 

 

V. Major Conclusions from the Study: In this section, you will need to analyze the conclusions reached by the researchers and compare them to the conclusions of another study from the reference section of your selected study. You will also need to explain how the study you have analyzed contributes to scientific literature and speculate about further investigations that might take place because of this research. 

A. Discuss how the results from this study compare with those of a study listed in the references or your main article. Support your discussion with examples from both studies. 

B. Explain how this study contributes to scientific literature. Support your explanation with specific examples. 

C. Describe further investigations that could take place because of this study. 

Lee, S., Dwyer, J., Paul, E., Clarke, D. Treleaven, S., & Roseby, R. (2019). Difference by age and sex in adolescent suicide. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 43(3).

I. 

The purpose and the research question of the study is to compare and determine the demographic and psychosocial characteristics of completed suicide between younger and older adolescents, and by sex. The researchers hypothesis are the following:

• Due to the significant changes occurring throughout adolescence, there are differences in the characteristics of completed suicide between younger and older, and male and female adolescents. These differences may help identify those at risk and therefore allow the development of more targeted adolescent suicide prevention strategies.
• Victoria's education and training participation requirement is a strong socio-cultural rationale to compare Victorian adolescent suicide between age groups 10-16 and 17-19 years, as participation in education, training or employment may be a protective factor.

II.

A. The study design is neither experimental nor observational since the study is a retrospective review study design. In the methodology part of the study, it was indicated that the researchers only complied and analyzed previous records of suicide deaths reported to the Coroners Court of Victoria (CCOV).

B. The data was collected from the CCOV's Victorian Suicide Register (VSR). In Victoria, all deaths from suicide are entered into the VSR. This method is appropriate for the study to ensure reliability of the study.

C. The data collected are categorical, since the researchers divided the data they had gathered into different categories and variables such as demographics, mental health, occupation,  methods of death, gender, stressors, and post mortem presence of alcohol or illegal drugs.

D. In my opinion, there is no weakness on the data collection methods used in this study

E. Data were summarized using frequency tables, presenting subject counts and percentages. Here are the computations that are used for data analysis:

• The descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using the Stata software version 14.
• Differences in proportions between groups were compared using chi-square tests for equal proportions or Fisher's exact tests where numbers were small.
• Completed suicide rates according to age and sex were estimated using Victorian population data for adolescents aged 13-19 years collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
• All calculated p-values were two-sided and p< 0.05 indicated statistical significance.

F. In my opinion, there is no weakness in the statistical analysis method used in the study. Almost all other studies used the same formulas and calculations

G. The demographics of the study are cases on the VSR that occurred 10 years between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2015, where the deceased was aged 10-19 years inclusive.

III. 

A. The result of the study is as follows:

• Between 2006 and 2015, there were 273 completed suicides aged 10-19 years, with none aged 10-12 years.
• There were 171 (63%) suicides in the older adolescent group (17-19 years), and 102 (37%) in the younger group (13-16 years).
• Males comprised 184 cases (67%) and females 89 (33%).
• A higher proportion of both younger and female adolescents had experienced abuse, peer conflict and bullying.
• There was also a higher incidence of previous self-harm in younger and female adolescents.
• Older adolescents were more likely to not be in formal education, employment or training.

B. Previous studies have demonstrated that young people who die from suicide are significantly more likely than the general population to have a serious mental health illness, which is consistent with the study, in which 40% of adolescents had a formally diagnosed mental illness, which is much higher than the reported 14% in the general Australian population. However, the study did not reflect previous adolescent suicide studies that demonstrated the prevalence of diagnosed mental illness increasing with age. The lack of difference by age group in our study may be because there was actually a high rate of mental illness in the younger adolescent group. This could suggest that adolescents who are diagnosed at a younger age with mental illness may be at increased risk for suicide.

IV.  

A. The VSR is a comprehensive and detailed database however, data quality is affected by the potential for variability obtained from external sources. For example, data obtained from family reports to police or the court may be inconsistently obtained due to the emotional complexities of bereavement, with cultural and religious overlay.

B. The advantage of the statistical analysis used is that those formulas were already proven and tested by other studies. On the other hand, I do not see any disadvantage from the statistical analysis.

C. The study design is limited only on the recorded data in the VSR however as mentioned above, the data quality is affected by many external factors.

V. 

A. The result of this study produced the same result from those reference studies. For example, it shows that older adolescence have the higher suicide rate.

B. This study contributes to implications for public health. Understanding completed suicide is an important step towards prevention, and our results suggest a need for developmentally and sex-specific suicide prevention strategies.

C. These are further studies that could take place because of this study:

• Study on the surviving population of suicidal attempt
• Study on how the families of adolescence moved on from the suicide incident of their children