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Gcu business_intelligence... 88 I 3 ? 389 516 a EN C) III Q 6.9 < TIE T Chapter 6 Prescriptive Analytics: Optimization and Simulation 361 Application Case 6.9 Improving Job-Shop Scheduling Decisions through RFID: A Simulation-Based Assessment A manufacturing services provider of complex opti- question is to explore any new production sched- cal and electromechanical components seeks to uling changes that may result by investing in RFID gain efficiency in its job-shop scheduling decision infrastructure. because the current shop-floor operations suffer from a few issues: Methodology Because exploring the introduction of any new • There is no system to record when the work- in-process (WIP) items actually arrive at or system in the physical production system can be leave operating workstations and how long extremely expensive or even disruptive, a discrete those WIPs actually stay at each workstation. event simulation model was developed to exam- • The current system cannot monitor or keep ine how tracking and traceability through RFID can track of the movement of each WIP in the pro- facilitate job-shop production scheduling activities. duction line in real time. A visibility-based scheduling (VBS) rule that uti- lizes the real-time traceability systems to track those As a result, the company is facing two main WIPs, parts and components, and raw materials in issues at this production line: high backlogs and shop-floor operations was proposed. A simulation high costs of overtime to meet the demand. In addi- approach was applied to examine the benefit of the tion, the upstream cannot respond to unexpected VBS rule against the classical scheduling rules: the incidents such as changes in demand or material first-in-first-out and earliest due date dispatching shortages quickly enough and revise schedules in a rules. The simulation model was developed using cost-effective manner. The company is considering Simio. Simio is a 3-D simulation modeling software implementing RFID on a production line. However, package that employs an object-oriented approach the company does not know if going to this major to modeling and has recently been used in many expense of adding RFID chips on production boxes, areas such as factories, supply chains, healthcare, installing RFID readers throughout the production airports, and service systems. line, and of course, the systems to process this Figure 6.13 presents a screenshot of the information will result in any real gains. So one Simio interface panel of this production line. The ROO X ES WITTalaar Birger Servera PCBA Production PCBA Tools Server d Opera Simio Interface View of the Simulation System. (Continued) T 1:13 PM Fri May 7 89% AA viewer.gcu.edu + Student Portal | Main GCU Class Electronic Reso... Grand Canyon Univers... ? Gcu business_intelligence... 88 I I & ? 390 516 Q EN C) III a 6.9 < 362 Chapter 6 Prescriptive Analytics: Optimization and Simulation KIE T Application Case 6.9 (Continued) parameter estimates used for the initial state in the simulation model include weekly demand and fore- cast, process flow, number of workstations, number of shop-floor operators, and operating time at each workstation. In addition, parameters of some of the input data such as RFID tagging time, information retrieving time, or system updating time are esti- mated from a pilot study and from the subject mat- ter experts. Figure 6.14 presents the process view of the simulation model where specific simulation commands are implemented and coded. Figures 6.15 and 6.16 present the standard report view and pivot grid report of the simulation model. The standard report and pivot grid format provide a very quick method to find specific statistical results such as average, percent, total, maximum, or minimum val- ues of variables assigned and captured as an output of the simulation model. SROO +x 83 Process View of the Simulation Model. 8 0 0 0 0 Scenario Detail Report Project: RFID Final Model RFID Run Date: 11/9/16 18:56 Model: Model (Academic, COMMERCIAL USE Analyst Name: PROHIBITED) Scenario: Interactive Run Dave C www. DS Dua Terms www. O Standard Report View. Chapter 6 • Prescriptive Analytics: Optimization and Simulation 363 SOHOO compared to traditional scheduling rules with regard production time, resource uti- o 1 1:13 PM Fri May 7 89% AA viewer.gcu.edu + Student Portal | Main GCU Class Electronic Reso... Grand Canyon Univers... ? Gcu business_intelligence... 88 I ? 391 516 o EN C) III Q 6.9 < KILE T Chapter 6 • Prescriptive Analytics: Optimization and Simulation 363 SOBOO compared to traditional scheduling rules with regard to processing time, production time, resource uti- lization, backlogs, and productivity. The company can take these productivity gains and perform cost/ benefit analyses in making the final investment decisions. C 0.000 0.0000 30000 3.000 0.000 DO 10000 146 3000 3.000 1.0000 QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 1. In situations such as what this case depicts, what other approaches can one take to analyze invest- ment decisions? 2. How would one save time if an RFID chip can tell the exact location of a product in process? 3. Research to learn about the applications of RFID sensors in other settings. Which one do you find most interesting? 1.000 . 35.000 13.00 LIN 30.000 3.000 10000 Pivot Grid Report from a Simio Run. Results Source: Based on Chongwatpol, J., & Sharda, R. (2013). RFID- enabled track and traceability in job-shop scheduling environ- ment. European Journal of Operational Research, 2273), 453– 463, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor. 2013.01.009. The results of the simulation suggest that an RFID- based scheduling rule generates better performance by Rockwell Intl., arenasimulation.com). Original developers of Arena have now devel- oped Simio (simio.com), a user-friendly VIS software. Another popular discrete event VIS software is ExtendSim (extendsim.com). SAS has a graphical analytics software package called JMP that also includes a simulation component in it. For information about simulation software, see the Society for Modeling and Simulation International (scs.org) and the annual software surveys at ORMS Today (orms- today.com). SECTION 6.10 REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Define visual simulation and compare it to conventional simulation. 2. Describe the features of VIS (i.e., VIM) that make it attractive for decision makers. 3. How can VIS be used in operations management? 4. How is an animated film like a VIS application?
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