This assignment is due on May 12BEFORE (not after) our Wednesday class begins

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This assignment is due on May 12BEFORE (not after) our Wednesday class begins. We will have an in-class peer review on Wednesday, so it is important that you upload this assignment on time.

Please upload a rough, but complete first draft of your proposal argument (PDF). It does not have to be perfect, but it must be complete, meaning any claims made must be accompanied by some reasons (and hopefully some evidence). You should aim for at least 5 paragraphs, and include at least 2 sources of research.

NOTE: Go to the Downloads section and download the sample student essay (Proposal Argument Sample 3 "Don't Let Party Poisoning College Students"). Use it as a guide as you write your first draft. Also, please watch the class recording Day 11 (4/28/21).

In that class recording, I explained how you could use my former student's essay as your guide.

Structure of your Proposal Argument Essay:

1st Paragraph (Introduction: Define the Problem)

To make it easier for everyone, state only ONE problem. You may one want to begin your introduction with a hook (statistic or surprising fact), and define your problem. Do not forget to include your research, in-text citation, paraphrases, and quotation marks for directly copied statements from your sources.

2nd Paragraph (Propose the solution)

To make it easier for everyone, propose only ONE solution. Do not forget to include your research, in-text citation, paraphrases, and quotation marks for directly copied statements from your sources.

3rd Paragraph (Explain Effectiveness)

Explain how effective your proposed solution is. Do not forget to include your research, in-text citation, paraphrases, and quotation marks for directly copied statements from your sources. Of course, you must include your own analysis as well.

4th Paragraph (Address Fairness, Feasibility, and any Opposition or Weaknesses)

You must include a counterargument. An example of a counterargument is in your Course Reader Chapter 10: This politician says that we should freeze military spending because our nation needs to save money. It's true that budgets must be carefully monitored, but my proposed increase in spending will actually generate more tax revenue because it will create new high-paying jobs. Do not forget to include your research, in-text citation, paraphrases, and quotation marks for directly copied statements from your sources.

5th Paragraph (Conclusion)

Your conclusion is a summary or restatements of what you have presented in your four paragraphs (problem/ solution/ effectiveness/ opposition). Do not forget to include your research, in-text citation, paraphrases, and quotation marks for directly copied statements from your sources.

* Please include your Works Cited list following correct MLA formatting.

LA 207 02 Colin Blake Evaluation argument Final 7.19. 2018 Save The Aging Giant For 40 years, since the one-child policy was announced by the Chinese government in 1979, 400 million births were prevented. The population of The United States is 322 million, the number is pale when it compare with the lives that prevented by China policy. Based on projections published by the United Nations in the 2017 revision of World Population Prospects, China had 1.4 billion people in 2017 and kept the world highest population for decades. (Countries) China government restricted population boom by introducing the one-child policy, try to prevent overpopulation problems like degradation of land and resources, adverse living conditions and pollution. However, the irreversible consequence of the one-child policy is starting to emerge at 40 years later. China government introduce the improvement plan, two-child policy in 2016. Under the new policy, a family could have two kids if one of their parents was an only child. But does this policy work well? Does it effective enough to impact China society? According to from The New York Times, “because having one child has become the social norm in China, the change will have only a limited impact, while the old policy’s legacy will be felt for decades to come (Fincher).” The two-child policy is not creating enough impact that fix the consequence from one-child policy, because a distorted gender ratio, reduced fertility rate and a rapidly aging society. Starting with the gender imbalance ratio. A report estimated there are now 33 million excess men than women in China - more than the entire population of Malaysia(Denyer and Growen). According to Scientific American in 2016, for 100 girls born in China, there are 118 boys,. Richard Jackson of the Center for Strategic and International says, “China will be living with the pernicious legacy of this gender imbalance for decades to come,” he said. “It should have lifted the policy years ago.” For a century, the religion of the country has a preference of son because it is the only way to “produce descendants” for the family. So, girls seem less valued than boys traditionally. Because of this discrimination, women have a lower employment rate and income in society. The one-child policy leads this outcome to the extreme. Many parents illegally sexually selective abortion to have a son, and many girls are not even registered because of the policy. The extreme outcome of one-child policy makes a male-heavy generation; around 50 million excess male under the age of 20. The demography from post magazine shows the distort sex ratio needs decades for the ramification to fade away. Prem Chowdhry, a researcher and social scientist in New Delhi. “People devalue their masculinity. If they remain single, they will be declared not men at all. The basic function of a man in rural society is to have a family and look after that family.” (Denyer and Growen) Also, researchers show that large sex-ratio imbalance will cause rising the instability, risks of antisocial and violent behavior as more men remain unmarried. (Hesketh) To fill the large sex gap, needs more female in population is not easy. Ultimately China need to change the gender preference in people’s hearts. If parents didn’t get an son after the first birth, female infants would still be the potential target of sex selection. If the gap of sex ratio keeps enlarging, the country will fill with unhappy young labor and unbalance the working environment. Many young males will never have a family because of the distort gender imbalance. Limit two children per family will not simply solve the gender preference. Secondly, we can have more clues about how the two-child policy doesn't impact enough from the natural fertility rate; which is the number of children who would be born per women. According to OECD( The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Data, assuming no net migration and unchanged mortality, a total fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman ensures a broadly stable population. Research shows around the world, women’s education and wealth are in inversely proportional to the fertility rate. “Where women have a choice, and they have the opportunity to be educated and employed, they will choose a smaller family,” Dr. Denton said; a former World Bank economist who teaches demography and development at Georgetown University. In a wealthy country like Japan, their population is shrinking instead of growing, even though no birth control policy never been applied. In HongKong, which is not affected by the policy, tends to have similar low fertility with China. The fertility rate is going down while China is quickly developing and growing wealthier. The People are getting used to having few members in the family, they will not change immediately even though the policy is allowed. A University of Chicago report in 2010, "Explaining the Worldwide Boom in Higher Education of Women”(Becker), China is not except in this global trend. From the research of South China Morning Post, high-income major in Chinese universities like medication and law, have enrolled around 10 percent more female students than males. Women in China are getting more competitive and independent in the social system, because of higher income and education. Recently in China, the marriage rate is going down, and divorces are rising sharply. Many women are no longer treat marriage as a certain path of security. Also, women pursuing career and freedom has become a new trend in China. Even policy is relaxed to two children per family, but it is not even enough to reach the stable fertility rate. Consumer News and Business Channel announced that two-child policy only promotes 7.9% of birth from 2015 to 2016, it is need 3.24 million more births to achieve the number that government hoped. No matter how the country is urged to have more babies, changing educated Chinese women’s life attitude is not easy. The two-child policy is hardly increasing population or even maintaining a stable population, but decreasing it. Moreover, aging in China is already began and with astonishing speed. In China’s Long March to Retirement Reform shows, “In 2005, there were just 16 elderly Chinese for every 100 working-age adults. This aged dependency ratio is due to double to 32 by 2025, then double again to 61 by 2050.” 7 years from now, China will have one elder in every 4 working-age adults. In 2050, China will have over 400 million elder over 60 years old. In the Previous generation, an adult could share the pressure of taking parents with their siblings. But soon, every “only child generation” couple needs to take care of four elders and children in the family. The pressure from the family and also the labor demands of the country will make this generation a rough life. Because of high anxiety and stress, adults tend to have fewer children; to reduce the pressure. Besides, labor needs at least 18 years of education and training before serving the country. If two-child policy can successfully promote birth starting from 2015, which means the labor force will get better at least in 2033. But if the two-child policy only has limited effect, the situation of declining labor will need a lot more years to change. In summary, China is urging the sex balance young population to ease the aging society. Relaxed the one-child policy to two children per family is not strong enough to changing the profound consequence of the one-child policy, from distort gender ratio, reducing fertility rate and society aging rapidly. The other consequences that case by the one-child policy is still affecting society deeply. Works Cited: Becker, Gary S, et al. Explaining the Worldwide Boom in Higher Education of Women. Sept. 2010 “Countries in the World by Population (2018).” Philippines Population (2018) “China Says Its Gender Imbalance ‘Most Serious’ in the World.” Scientific American Fincher, Leta Hong. “China Dropped Its One-Child Policy. So Why Aren't Chinese Women Having More Babies?” The New York Times, The New York Times, 20 Feb. 2018 Denyer, Simon, and Annie Gowen. “Too Many Men: China and India Battle with the Consequences.” South China Morning Post, South China Morning Post, 25 Apr. 2018 “Demography - Fertility Rates - OECD Data.” The OECD Hermesauto. “China's Worrying Decline in Birth Rate: China Daily Columnist.” The Straits Times, 24 Jan. 2018 Hesketh, Therese, and Zhu Wei Xing. Advances in Pediatrics., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 5 Sept. 2006 Parkinson, Justin. “Five Numbers That Sum up China's One-Child Policy.” BBC News, BBC, 29 Oct. 2015 Roberts, Marcus. “China's Two Child Policy Starting to Have Some Impact.” MercatorNet, 3 Feb. 2017 Zraick, Karen. “China Will Feel One-Child Policy's Effects for Decades, Experts Say.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 30 Oct. 2015, Xu 1 FeiLing Xu?Toby? professor Glen Ryan Alejandro LA207 02/03/2021 Thirteen Minutes Growing up, Sam spent a lot of time in hospital waiting rooms. His mother had fallen suddenly, gravely ill, and he accompanied her throughout her struggle. Despite everything — the financial strain, the emotional stress, and his mother's death — Sam still kept a positive attitude. He rarely complained, and when he did, it was always about more minor things. Once, he complained about the waiting rooms. A temporal anomaly, he called them, where time slowed down so much a minute was enough to imagine all the terrible outcomes. I thought he was crazy until I found myself in the same position: silently waiting for news, overthinking the unthinkable, and arriving only at more questions. Earlier, Sam had intentionally overdosed on opiates. In the tension, a feeling of unpreparedness hung in the air. His brother and father, another friend, Dwight, and myself — we had all lived with Sam most of our lives, yet we all seemed to share the same shocked disbelief. Why did we not see this coming? While I cannot speak for everyone else, I know that I failed Sam because I had grown to believe the most terrible myths about mental illness and suicide: that they are not really a problem, that they are defeated with resolve, and that those affected do not even want help. The more I thought about it, Sam had not dealt with his mother's death nearly as well as I had chosen to remember. He did not sleep for days on end. In time, the things that we had loved became merely things that I loved, as my friend no longer found enjoyment in them. The mask of temperance he put on slipped occasionally, but the tears were always choked back into a shrug Xu2 almost immediately. Even as time progressed, Sam did not really get better. He only got better at hiding how terribly he was doing. His grades and friendships suffered, but not too much to send alarm bells through the schools. Sam was never that weird kid that wore all-black and isolated himself from the rest of his peers. He was normal; he was fine. Only, that was clearly not the case. If we had wanted to notice, we would have seen that he always avoided everyone on weekends or that he had a tendency to make inappropriate jokes about death. While I cannot speak for everyone else in the room, my own indifference resulted from how I envisioned mental illness. Sam was too stable, too coherent, and too strong to struggle with depression. The more I thought about it, the more moments stuck out as a potential red flag. If the doctor had not come out to call for his father, I would have gone through the rest of our memories to look for more. Thirteen minutes we had been waiting, and I had already tallied up two-hundred-and-three. Dwight and I were not allowed to see Sam until the next morning. As if nothing had happened, Sam greeted us with a smile. "What's wrong?" he asked when he saw our dejected looks, "Did someone die?" I admit it: I laughed. But when the last chuckle rang out, we had to confront the situation. And that meant asking why he did not share how he felt before trying something as drastic as suicide. As usual, he shrugged. It turns out, Sam had shared with other adults about his intent to harm himself, about his nightmares, and about how awful he felt. They had found different ways to frame the situation as one of willpower. Then, he tried to tell another friend, who simply assured him that "it was no big deal, everyone feels that way." He had no reason to expect that his Father, known for being emotionally distant, or his friends, known for being oblivious, would react differently. So he bottled it up until the emotions could no longer be contained. And boy, did Sam try to contain those feelings. He gave us a list of all that he had tried to do. From smoking cannabis to taking up yoga (or attempting to, really). He downloaded Xu3 motivational books. He joined various support groups on social media and befriended others who also struggled with the condition to seek some sympathy. He did not try therapy, though. "Dad came in earlier, you know, said he's concerned about the bill for last night. He was fuming, you should have seen it." He said in response to our questions about therapy. Medications, if not covered by insurance, were going to be even harder to secure. Though my friend was alive, I felt even more scared than before. What if we failed him again? Fortunately, I can write this without the pain of knowing that the worst has come to pass. Against too many odds, Sam is getting the help that he needs. His family and friends, we have been supportive. But the worry never leaves, even if I am now more aware that I believed nothing but myths about mental illness. I think, in part, this worry never leaves because I know that Sam is not the only one who is going through something like this. Others — maybe my peers, family, friends, or complete strangers — are going through the same things. And I wonder, are they getting the support and the help they need?