For the success of the efforts now making to introduce among the Indians the customs and pursuits of civilized life and gradually to absorb them into the mass of our citizens, sharing their rights and holden to their responsibilities, there is imperative need for legislative action ...

Of even greater importance is a measure ... The enactment of a general law permitting the allotment in severalty, to such Indians, at least, as desire it, of a reasonable quantity of land secured to them by patent, and for their own protection made inalienable for twenty or twenty-five years, is demanded for their present welfare and their permanent advancement ...

The well-attested reports of their increasing interest in husbandry justify the hope and belief that the enactment of such a statute as I recommend would be at once attended with gratifying results. A resort to the allotment system would have a direct and powerful influence in dissolving the tribal bond, which is so prominent a feature of savage life, and which tends so strongly to perpetuate it."—Chester A. Arthur, from his First Annual Message, December 6, 1881

Arthur's solution to the state of American Indian affairs resembles the focus most clearly seen in efforts to (1 point)

a

create land-grant universities in the West

b

organize workers into labor unions through literacy programs

c

help migrants integrate through education and job training

d

create supportive communities through tenement homes

pur-new-sol

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