Provide a medium-paragraph length answer to each question below (using full and complete sentences). Each answer should demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the material. The questions are about the course readings for Weeks 11, 12, and 13.

1. According to Louis Pojman in "Ethics and the Death Penalty," what is the retribution argument concerning the death penalty? Why does he call this argument backward-looking? And what is the deterrence argument concerning the death penalty? Why does he call this argument forward-looking?

2. What point against the death penalty does Nickolas Kristof, in "When We Kill," highlight with the examples of Clifford Williams, Jr., Cameron Todd Willingham and Kevin Cooper? Briefly describe the case of each of these men.

3. According to Epicurus, what beliefs, desires, and actions do we need to eliminate or avoid in order to achieve happiness? Why do we need to eliminate or avoid these specific things?

4. According to the Stoics, what are the things that we must believe and do in order to achieve happiness, and why are these things necessary for happiness?

5. In Buddhism, what are the Four Noble Truths? Briefly explain each one.

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