• Analyze the questions in the Original Australian and Chitling tests and identify possible sources of cultural bias by specifically discussing at least one question from each test that may not be fair to members of other cultures.
• Explain whether or not you think it is possible to construct an intelligence test that would be fair to all cultures.
• In the past there have been attempts to create unbiased tests - how successful have these attempts been?
• Considering the major factors of environment, socioeconomic status, biology, and family, which do you believe to have the greatest influence on intelligence? What research supports your belief?
• Compare your own personal view of intelligence to those of cultures , pointing out similarities and differences.

 

Answer:

Original Australian Test:

Item no. 2: How many lunar months are in a year?

Chitling Test:

Item no. 4: Bo Diddley is a: ______________

• Test items may not appear int he context of the test takers. A person who is not familiar to Chinese calendar does not know what a lunar month is. Likewise, a person who is not familiar with Bo Diddley might produce answer that is more appealing ti his schema and cultural background.

Explain whether or not you think it is possible to construct an intelligence test that would be fair to all cultures.

• It is impossible to construct a test that is perfectly fitted to all culture but at some point, we can make them more culturally bounded.

In the past there have been attempts to create unbiased tests - how successful have these attempts been?

• They were either revised or declared obsolete.

Considering the major factors of environment, socioeconomic status, biology, and family, which do you believe to have the greatest influence on intelligence? What research supports your belief?

• I believe that intelligence is embedded in our DNA and our genes has the largest attribution to our mental capacity. However, studies on unique environmental factors or interactions between genetic and environmental influences. are further needed to assess how much does environmental influences matter in intelligence development.

Compare your own personal view of intelligence to those of cultures , pointing out similarities and differences.

• An Asian can be declared as the most intelligent person in their continent but upon being in the United States, where certain experiences, schema and cultural background is required, he may struggle being on top and that might also happen to a western citizen when he is in eastern continent.

Step-by-step explanation

• Some cultural differences in intelligence play out on a global scale. Nisbett (2003) stated that people in Western cultures, tend to view intelligence as a means for individuals to devise categories and to engage in rational debate, while people in Eastern cultures see it as a way for members of a community to recognize contradiction and complexity and to play their social roles successfully.
• According to Peng (n.d.), culture is experience. It is learnable. Not just because you are an Asian doesn't mean you can't thinki like an American.
• Practical intelligence is different from academic intelligence
• Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences provide an avenue to understand that intelligence is not one size fits all. It varies and is not limited.

Sources:

• Benson (2003). Intelligence across cultures. American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/monitor/feb03/intelligence.
• http://wpsc10psych.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/0/1/21014898/intelligence_tests.pdf