Define the normalized frequency for an optical fiber and explain its use in the determination of the number of guided modes propagating within a step index fiber

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Define the normalized frequency for an optical fiber and explain its use in the determination of the number of guided modes propagating within a step index fiber.

A step index fiber in air has a numerical aperture of 0.16, a core refractive index of 1.45 and a core diameter of 60 μm. Determine the normalized frequency for the fiber when light at a wavelength of 0.9 μm is transmitted. Further, estimate the number of guided modes propagating in the fiber.