Discuss on the factors that the impact of grouting depend on. Related to grouting, what parameters of rock and soil do we have to know? 2. In ordered to reduce the impact of expansive soil, it is advisable to place a foundation below the zone of moisture fluctuation Explain why this is not practical for shallow foundation. 3. What are the methods used to change (improve) the nature of expansive soil? 4. What is block failure of pile group? What is the need to determine the minimum pile spacing? 5 Discuss briefly about laterally loaded and batter piles? 6 Clarify the difference among piles, piers and caissons. When do we use these foundation types respectively?

Problem Solving 7. Estimate the allowable load capacity of a 3X3 timber pile group. Each pile has a diameter of 0.4 m and is driven 15 m into a soft clay (OCR = 2) whose undrained shear strength varies linearly with depth according to Su = 0.25 o', The critical state friction angle is 30 and yo=18.8 kN/ m3. The spacing of the piles is 1.5 m. Groundwater level is at ground surface. A factor of safety of 25 is required 8. A pile group consisting of 3*3 driven piles. each 0.40m in diameter, is arranged al a spacing of 1.Im. The piles penetrate a clay soil of thickness 14m and are embedded 4m in soft clay material. The soll clay laver is 8m thick and underlain by massive rock. The groundwater level (GWI) is at 4m from ground surface and the soil is normally consolidated. Determine the consolidation settlement. The soil parameters are: Layer 1:y 17kN/m . Yet = 18kN/m , e.=0.60, C. 0.25 Layer 2. You= 19k N/m'. e.-0.7. Cc-0.20

V Q, = 3000 KN Am 1001 8m Am Rock 9. A pile having 400mm diameter is going to be used in a soil profile shown in Fig below. It is required to have 2.0 as a minimum factor of safety. Determine the load capacity of the pile. + 0.0m Law 1 CEISAPa. - 20In 6-25 . Kq = as C- 20Kpa Y -18k m -5. 0an Laver 3 C-80Kpa X -LOK VI Go =10001 Pa 2

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