Chapter 1 - Ethics and its conceptualization in life

1.   Define ethics and morality

2.   Describe how ethics is developed in an individual

3.   List factors that influence ethical values of an individual

4.   Explain ethics and legality

 

Chapter 2 - Internalizing Ethics in the conduct of business

1.   Describe the theoretical models of Kohlberg and Trevino

2.   Identify the common ethical challenges faced by business people

3.   Explain the three levels of decision-making

4.   Discuss ethical management and management of ethics

5.   What are the three check questions that oneself when faced with an ethical challenge?

 

Chapter 3 - Ethical theories and principles

1.   Explain the fundamentals of moral philosophy

2.   Differentiate between teleological and deontological theories of ethics

3.   Explain the following ethical theories:

a.   Utilitarian theory of ethics

b.   Kant's ethics of duty theory

c.    Gilligan's ethics of care theory

d.   Locke's natural rights theory

e.   Aristotle's theory of justice

f.     Rawls's egalitarian/justice theory

 

Chapter 4 - Ethical leadership and corporate culture

1.   Explain the concept of role in ethics

2.   Define ethical leadership

3.   Define corporate culture and ethical corporate culture

4.   Outline the role of ethical leadership in inculcating ethical corporate culture

CHAPTER 1

 

1. Define Ethics and Morality

 

ETHICS- At its simplest, ethics could be a system of ethical principles. Ethics is anxious with what's good for people and society and is additionally described as philosophy. The word ethics derives from ETHOS which is a Greek word that means character, disposition, habit, or custom.

 

Ethics covers the subsequent dilemmas:

• How to measure a decent life

• Our rights and responsibilities

• The language of right and wrong

• Moral decisions - what's good and bad?

 

MORALITY- Morality is that the standard of society accustomed decides what's right or wrong behavior. Moralities are often a body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a selected philosophy, religion, or culture, or it can derive from a regular that an individual believes should be universal. Morality may be specifically synonymous with "goodness" or "rightness". An example of morality is the belief by someone that it's wrong to require what doesn't belong to them, whether or not nobody would know.

 

2. The Ethics Development in each Individual

 

Good values and ethics create a secure and trusting environment and a region that individuals want to work. In fact, having ethical and moral standards is taken under consideration the No. 1 quality for leaders by leaders across the planet, because it creates the way of fairness and a transparent understanding of the principles.

 

• It may be hard to define your own values, vision, and mission, but it's an excellent way to get clear on what's important to you. Once you get clear share it together with your employees or team as some way of building trust and developing a way of where you'd wish to take the organization or team.

•The clearer people are what are important, where they're going and the way they're visiting get there, the faster they will move in a company. It also provides a way of clarity and purpose for the workforce to be clear what they're working toward each and each day.

• Create a way of accountability for ethics violations. Once the vision, values, and mission are shared across the organization, then a process/system has to be founded to carry people in charge of actions which cross the moral lines. With situations like harassment, as an example, there should be a policy.

• Model the behavior you'd prefer to see. If you're a pacesetter in your organization, then you wish to model the kind of actions and way of being that others can follow. 

• Reward good behavior. While the recent news of ethics breaches and molestation charges makes us angry, there are even as many samples of people treating people with dignity, grace, and respect. As leaders, it's important to note and target rewarding this behavior additionally in order to correct people are moving up, going in leadership positions, and might still create the culture of ethics that are important.

• Hire for character still. While it's important to possess good skills, techniques, and talents, character and integrity are harder to show as an adult. Explore these styles of traits once you are hiring together with the more traditional job skills.

3. List factors that influence ethical values of an Individual

Acting in ways per what society and individuals typically think are good values. Business is good with employees that have ethical behavior. They value the principles of diversity, fairness, honesty, individual rights, and dignity. Accountability and honesty are the characteristics involve in ethical values. Essentially, work ethics breaks all the way down to what one does or would neutralize a selected situation. The major factors that may affect individual ethical behavior:

• Knowledge

• Morals

• Personality

 

4. Explain Ethics and Legality

Legality and Ethics can be seen around us. They govern the actions of people around the world in a commonplace. They often work hand-in-hand to make sure that citizens act in an exceedingly certain manner, and likewise coordinate efforts to safeguard the health, safety, and welfare of the general public. Though the law often embodies ethical principles, law and ethics don't seem to be co-extensive. Supported society's ethics, laws are created and enforced by governments to mediate our relationships with one another and to safeguard its citizens. While laws carry with them a punishment for violations, ethics don't. The legality is the laws that were enforced to us that we need to follow whereas Ethics is the morality that we must follow.

The difference between legality and ethics: Legality is written laws and ethics are the standard behavior of a human being that is supported by right and wrongs decisions in life. Something will be legal but not ethical. Legal standards are written by the organization, while ethical standards are written by societal norms.

 

 

Chapter 2 - Internalizing Ethics within the Conduct of Business

 

1. Describe the theoretical models of Kohlberg and Trevino

Kohlberg identified three distinct levels of ethical reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.

 

Level 1 - pre-conventional morality

We don't have a non-public code of morality. Instead, our moral code is made by the standards of adults and so the results of following or breaking their rules. The reasons always rely on the physical actions of each individual.

Level 2 - Conventional morality

The moral standards of valued adult role models. Authority is internalized but not questioned, and reasoning relies on which the person has done. 

Level 3 - post-conventional morality

Reasoning relies on individual rights and justice. In keeping with Kohlberg, this level of ethical reasoning is as far because the majority get. That's to say, the overall public take their moral views from those around them and only a minority thinks through ethical principles for themselves. Examples: human rights, justice, and equality.

 

2. Identify the common ethical challenges faced by business people

 

EQUITY. This is no to favoritism and freedom from bias inside the workplace.

EXERCISE OF CORPORATE POWER. An industry that is led by unethical leaders often leads to toxicity in their workplace. Leaders who think nothing of taking bribes, overusing their corporate power are the most explanation for unethical business practices.

RIGHTS. Discrimination and Harassment Laws require organizations to be equal employment opportunity employers. The company needs to focus on this area, enforce training and policies to support the program. Unfortunately, there are still many whose practices break these guidelines. Some companies still practicing harassment and discrimination of their employees like gender, race, and ethnicity. 

HONESTY. Although this may desire a blip minor in the grand scheme of ethics in the workplace, misuse of the net and the company's technology can be a huge cost for the organizations, loss of time, the productivity of the workers and the company dollars. Not only is it an abuse of company tools and technology, but it is also a diversion of the company.

 

Chapter 3 - Ethical theories and principles

 

1. Explain the basics of ethical philosophy

Moral Philosophy is the rational study of the meaning and justification of ethical claims. An ethical claim evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action or a human character. Ethics is usually divided into three distinct subject areas: Metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics.

2. Theological and Deontological theories of ethics Difference

TELEOLOGICAL ETHICS AND DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS. 

Teleological Ethics: Concerning the primary goals of action that is for goodness or badness. Deontological Ethics: This is more on duty and action. We should always act in such ways to make the best number of individuals as happy as possible.

3. Explain the subsequent ethical theories:

a. The utilitarian theory of ethics- Utilitarianism is one in all the simplest known and most influential moral theories. This kind of theory has its core idea that whether actions are morally right or wrong depends on their effects. More specifically, the sole effects of actions that are relevant are the great and bad results that they produce.

b. Kant's ethics of duty theory- Kant's theory is an example of a deontological moral theory according to those theories, the rightness or wrongness of actions doesn't rely upon their consequences than whether they do it or not. Kant believed that there was a supreme principle of morality, and he mentioned it because of the moral principle.

c. Gilligan's ethics of care theory- Care-focused feminism, alternatively called gender feminism, maybe a branch of feminist thought informed primarily by ethics of care as developed by Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings. 

d. Locke's natural rights theory- Among these fundamental natural rights, Locke said are "life, liberty, and property." Locke believed that the foremost basic human law of nature is that the preservation of mankind. To serve that purpose, he reasoned, individuals have both a right and an obligation to preserve their own lives.

e. Aristotle's theory of justice- Western Theories of Justice. Justice is one in all the foremost important moral and political concepts. The fairness and being lawful is the theory emphasizing.

 f. Rawls's egalitarian/justice theory- This theory focuses on social justice and the future of the society.

 

Chapter 4 - Ethical leadership and company culture

 

1. Explain the concept of role in ethics

Role ethics is an ethical theory that supported family roles. Unlike virtue ethics, role ethics isn't individualistic. Morality comes from a personality's relationship with the community. Confucianism is one example of role ethics.

 

2. Define ethical leadership

Ethical leadership may be a kind of leadership during which individuals demonstrate conduct for the commonweal that's acceptable and appropriate in every area of their life. It's composed of the subsequent three major elements: Be the instance. A noble quality of a frontrunner is leading by example. An ethical leader is someone that is professional in many ways. As an example, a pacesetter that lies avoids responsibility, or does as little as possible in his or her own job isn't demonstrating ethical behavior. The team won't respect him or her.

 

3. Define corporate culture and ethical corporate culture

Companies may be identified as ethical or unethical companies that supported their ethical culture. The company culture suggests that organizations have identifiable cultures like ethical culture. 

 

4. Outline the role of ethical leadership in inculcating an ethical corporate culture

The care of the aspect of the management may increase the organization's culture and employee values to high levels of ethical behavior. Ethical leadership can promote a high level of integrity that stimulates the path of fidelity, and encourages subordinates to accept and follow our vision. An ethical leader will enable workers to more in the cognitive process. The effectiveness and ethics of leaders will serve to be a source of inspiration and motivation within their team.