1)which of the following would result of adrenaline binding to the beta adrenergic receptor? (select all that apply)

a. activation of protein kinase a

b. formation of atp by adenylate cyclase

c. addition of phosphate to phosplorylase kinase

d. dephosphorylation of pp1

e. GTP to GDP exchange

f. phosphorylation of synthase B

g. phosphorylation of phosphorylase B

 

2.a strain of mice has been developed that lack the enzyme phosphorylase kinase. yet after strenuous exercise the glycogen of a mouse of this strain are depleted. explain how this depletion is possible (select all that apply)

a. phosphorylase B will be in the r form

b. phosphorylase A will be in the t form

c. synthase A will be converted to synthase B due to adrenaline

d. adrenaline will lead to the active PKA that will convert phosphorylase b into phosphorylase a

e. ATP concentration will increase and act as an internal signal

f. AMT concentration will increase and act as an internal signal.

 

1. which of the following catalyze phosphorylsis? (SELECT ALL TO APPLY

A. Complex 2

B. PP1

C. E3 of alpha ketogultarate

D. Malate dehydrogenase complex

E. PKA

F. complex 1

G. Phosphorylase

I. Cholesterol 3 dehydrogenase in the IMM

1) Assuming that this is activation of glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle, binding of your adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) will result into the following:

a. activation of protein kinase a

c. addition of phosphate to phosplorylase kinase

g. phosphorylation of phosphorylase B

Adrenaline or Epinephrine will cause the formation of Cyclic AMP from your ATP reserves. This formed Cyclic AMP is the second messenger that will cause the activation of the Protein Kinase A. Protein Kinase A with ATP, will cause the phosphorylation (or the addition of a phosphate group) to the inactive Phosphorylase Kinase B, turning it into an active form, Phosphorylase Kinase A. Phosphorylase A with the help of ATP will then activate the inactive Glycogen Phosphorylase B by phosphorylation converting it into Glycogen Phosphorylase A, the active form.

2)a strain of mice has been developed that lack the enzyme phosphorylase kinase. yet after strenuous exercise the glycogen of a mouse of this strain are depleted. explain how this depletion is possible (select all that apply)

a. phosphorylase B will be in the r form

c. synthase A will be converted to synthase B due to adrenaline

f. AMT concentration will increase and act as an internal signal.

You will have to remember that whenever one is on strenuous exercise, it will cause the using up of ATP reserves with increasing amount of AMP. AMP, as can be remembered will allosterically activate glycogen phosphorylase B. So even in the absence of phosphorylase kinase, breakdown of glycogen will proceed. 

3)Which of the following catalyze phosphorylsis?

B. PP1

Phosphorylysis is the cleavage of phosphate group frrom a compound. Complex 2 of the electron transport chain is succinate dehydrogenase which cleaves hydrogen from compounds. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase will also cleave hydrogen. Malate dehydrogenase complex will also cleave hydrogen. Phosphorylase kinase A will cause the phosphorylation or addition of phosphate in a compound. Complex 1 of the electron transport chain is NADH-CoQ Oxidoreductase which causes oxidation and reduction in a compound or the transfer of protons. Cholesterol dehydrogenase will also cause the removal of hydrogen.