1)Which DNA bases pair with each other? What does it mean that DNA bases are complementary? 

2)How is DNA information used to make proteins?

3)Where do restriction enzymes come from? What is their function in nature?

4)How can DNA be fragmented into very specific sections?

5)What is one practical lab application for cutting a DNA sequence into specific segments?

6)How are restriction enzymes used when performing gel electrophoresis?

7)What type of ends do the enzymes BamHI and EcoRI produce? How does this type of end facilitate cloning?

8)What enzyme is necessary to permanently link the digested foreign and a digested plasmid DNA together to form the recombinant DNA molecule? How does this enzyme work?

1) Which DNA bases pair with each other? What does it mean that DNA bases are complementary?

The Cytosine  combine with guanine,whereas adenine combines with thymine to form a pair.DNA bases are complementary meaning that they their shape appearance enables them to bond through hydrogen bond.

2)How is DNA information used to make proteins?

The enzymes identify the information found in DNA and interpret it into molecule that acts as a messenger called ribonucleic acid and mRNA. During the process of transcription and translation during information transfer from the gene results to protein making.

3) Where do restriction enzymes come from? What is their function in nature

restriction enzymes comes from bacteria which split the DNA at a particular site. Bacteria splits the DNA seem as foreign resulting to infection prevention.

4) How can DNA be fragmented into very specific sections?

DNA fragmentation is made possible by restriction enzymes which splits the DNA into small molecules. It usually take place at a particular nucleotide sequences.

5) What is one practical lab application for cutting a DNA sequence into specific segments?

The restriction enzymes used in DNA fragmentation are used to isolate genes.

6) How are restriction enzymes used when performing gel electrophoresis?

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at short strands. This occurs at specific sequence sites. Gel electrophoresis separately digest the sample each size of the fragmented DNA get recorded.

7) What type of ends do the enzymes BamHI and EcoRI produce? How does this type of end facilitate cloning?

BamHI- produce ends blue end strands

EcoRI- produce sticky end strands.

This type of end facilitate cloning by ensuring that each DNA is connected together by help of sticky ends in right direction.

8) What enzyme is necessary to permanently link the digested foreign and a digested plasmid DNA together to form the recombinant DNA molecule? How does this enzyme work?

Enzyme ligase. It forms the bond of the phosphate and deoxiribose which leads to joining of the fragmented Okazaki strands in the process of DNA replication.