question archive 1)In the criminal justice system, a defendant is innocent until proven guilty
1)In the criminal justice system, a defendant is innocent until proven guilty
Subject:PsychologyPrice: Bought3
1)In the criminal justice system, a defendant is innocent until proven guilty. Therefore, the null hypothesis is: "This person is innocent."
a)In this case, what would be the Type I error?
b)In this case, what would be the Type II error?
c)Which do you think is the more costly error? Why?
2)Suppose a researcher comes up with a new drug that in fact cures AIDS. She assigns some AIDS patients to receive a placebo and others to receive the new drug. The null hypothesis is that the drug will have no effect.
a)In this case, what would be the Type I error?
b)In this case, what would be the Type II error?
c)Which do you think is the more costly error? Why?
3)A manufacturing company is making smoke detectors. They want to conduct a study to determine how well the smoke detectors work. The null hypothesis in this study is that the smoke detectors will not work.
a)In this case, what would be the Type I error?
b)In this case, what would be the Type II error?
c)Which do you think is the more costly error? Why?
4)In one famous study (Rosenhan, 1973), eight healthy volunteers ("pseudopatients") presented themselves to psychiatric hospitals. They told the admissions officers that they had been hearing voices. Except for this one lie, they answered all other questions truthfully. All pseudopatients were admitted to the hospitals, where they ceased to pretend they were hearing voices (in other words, they behaved 'normally'). None of the pseudopatients were detected as sane. Rosenhan argued that the staff at the hospitals seemed to be operating under the null hypothesis that patients in a psychiatric hospital are insane.
a)In this study, did the hospital staff commit a Type I or Type II error in calling sane patients insane?
b)Which would be the more costly error? Why?
5)Much research has found that men tend to perceive more sexuality in women's behavior than women intend (e.g., Abbey, 1982). Haselton and Buss (2000) argue that men seem to be operating from the following null hypothesis: that women (especially women they are interested in) are generally behaving in a sexual manner.
a)Is men misperceiving women's sexuality an example of a Type I or Type II error?
b) Which would be the more costly error for men? Why?
