question archive What are inferential statistics? What is hypothesis testing? What is a null and an alternative hypothesis?
What are inferential statistics? What is hypothesis testing? What is a null and an alternative hypothesis?
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- What are inferential statistics?
- What is hypothesis testing?
- What is a null and an alternative hypothesis?
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Inferential Statistics is the set of methods and procedures that people use to actually make conclusions (inferences) on population parameters given the data we have from a sample.
For example, if a statistician working for Nielsen is trying to estimate the number of total TV viewers who are watching a specific TV program, the methods by which he or she would estimate that number would fall under the umbrella of inferential statistics.
Hypothesis testing is the statistical procedure to accept or reject the statistical hypotheses. The statistical hypothesis is an assumption made on population parameter. In statistics, the analysis has to be made by examining the entire population. But as this would be practically difficult, a random sample from the population is examined. If the sample data are not consistent with the statistical hypotheses, the hypothesis is rejected.
There are two types of statistical hypothesis which are mentioned below:
1. Null hypothesis
2. Alternative hypothesis
The steps to be followed for hypothesis testing are listed below:
1. Formulate the hypotheses.
2. State the significance level.
3. Analyze the sample data and determine the test statistic.
4. Interpret the results based on the critical value
5. State the conclusion.
In statistics, there are many types of hypothesis testing. Some of the most commonly used hypothesis testing methods are provided below:
1. Hypothesis test for one sample
2. Hypothesis test for proportion
3. Hypothesis test for mean
4. Hypothesis test for difference of the mean of two samples
5. Hypothesis test for matched pairs samples
A null hypothesis predicts that there will be no significant difference (ex: we predict that a person's gender does not influence their learning ability)
An alternative hypothesis says that there will be a significant difference after the experiment has been complete (for ex: the effect of studying on achievement)
