question archive Discuss the biopsychosocial and cultural factors that have contributed to an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease

Discuss the biopsychosocial and cultural factors that have contributed to an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease

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Discuss the biopsychosocial and cultural factors that have contributed to an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Include changes that have occurred only during your lifetime that have contributed to this change.

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Among the biopsychosocial and cultural factors that have contributed to an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases includes;

  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Stress
  • Social isolation and lack of social support
  • Acute and chronic stressors
  • Psychosocial work characteristics,
  •  Type A behavior and hostility

Depression

This is a risk factor that is associated with mortality and morbidity in patient with coronary heart diseases for instance following the acute coronary syndrome. Major studies however showed depression as vital disorder that results to an increase in cardiovascular events, cardiovascular heart disease mortality and re-admission to hospital. Depression is more prevalent among the coronary heart disease patients such that there is ample evidence that prevalence of depression is 20% higher in patients associated with heart failure as compared to the healthy individuals.

Anxiety

Based on the survey that was conducted concerning psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety in coronary heart disease patient shows that anxiety is corelated with physical factors such as abnormal heart beat, redness in the face, muscle tension that increases the risk of CHD especially in women ,palpitation without any physical exercise and anger. Somatic symptoms of anxiety were associated with an increased risks of coronary heart disease in women. this however provided support to the physiological pathway for the relation between psychological factors, anxiety and coronary hearth disease.

Stress

Most experts have suggested that those variables that are commonly considered as components of stress includes psychosocial work characteristics, social isolation and lack of social support depression and anxiety, acute and chronic life events and type A behavior and hostility

Acute and chronic stressors

Acute and chronic psychological stressors are associated with acute coronary syndromes. Acute stressors for instance loss of a child or earth quakes may trigger death however it is very hard to quantify and study the magnitude of its effects.

Type A behavior and hostility

Type A behavior which is characterized by constant preoccupation with deadlines, intense ambition, a sense of time urgency, competitive drive and hostility, was associated with the development of coronary heart disease. however recent studies does not prove the correlation between type A behavior and coronary artery diseases