The observed long-term increase in average global surface air temperature is enhanced or dampened by different so-called feedback effects within the climate system. Briefly describe (a) one positive feedback and (b) one negative feedback on global surface temperatures. Describe what mechanism makes the chosen feedback effect a positive or negative one.

(a)Positive feedback. The improvement in the first quantity is amplified by positive (or strengthened) feedback. There is strong evidence that rising global temperatures will allow greenhouse gas levels to rise, suggesting positive reinforcement that will increase the global temperature effects of anthropogenic pollution. However, because of the accumulation of uncertainty in the processes assumed to be involved, the extent of this impact expected by the available models remains extremely unpredictable. Here, based on reconstructed historical shifts, we propose an alternate method of estimating the magnitude of the feedback effect. Linking this evidence with the mid-range estimate of the greenhouse gas impact on temperature by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we propose that global temperature input on atmospheric CO2 would enable warming on a century-scale by an additional 15-78%. This prediction may be optimistic because we have not taken into consideration the synergistic impact of the likely mild temperature rise in other greenhouse gases. Our semi-empirical methodology independently supports process-based simulations that indicate that feedback will lead to a major warming lift.

(b)Negative feedback. Is any system where climate feedback reduces the magnitude of some initial change is a mechanism. A secondary change induces any original change that decreases the influence of the initial change. The climate system is kept intact by this feedback. In the sense of climate change, it is commonly addressed and is one particular form of negative feedback. It is also important to note that while "bad feedback" does not sound pleasant, it really allows the environment to be much more healthy than it would be without it. By sweat evaporation, which cools the skin, the human body cools itself, eliminating the need for sweat. There is feedback that is derogatory. Any climate cycles function the same way, although negative climate feedback eliminates the initial climate adjustment and drives the climate back to its original state. Negative feedback is necessary because the environment allows for and corrects minor "mistakes" or "pushes" without forcing the climate into an unhealthy state. The world will be much more dysfunctional in its behavior without negative feedback.

• Biological processes, each triggered by and triggering a certain occurrence, work on a process of inputs and outputs. A feedback loop is a biochemical event in which a system's output amplifies the system (positive feedback) or inhibits the system (negative feedback). Feedback loops are significant because they enable homeostasis to be preserved by living organisms. Homeostasis is the process that makes us, not too hot, or too cold, not too hungry or exhausted, to keep our internal state relatively stable. The energy level an organism requires to sustain homeostasis depends both on the form of organism and on the environment in which it resides. A cold-blooded fish, for example, keeps its temperature at the same level as the water above it, and so its internal temperature does not need to be regulated. In the same environment, compare this to a hot-blooded whale: it has to sustain its body temperature higher than that of the water surrounding it, and so it can waste more resources on temperature control. This is the distinction between ectotherms and endotherms: an ectotherm uses its internal temperature (e.g. reptiles, amphibians, and fish) to regulate the environmental temperature, while an endotherm uses homeostasis to preserve its internal temperature. Endotherms can sustain a constant rate of metabolism, facilitating constant activity, response and internal reactions, while ectotherms can not maintain a constant rate of metabolism. This means that their breathing, reaction and internal processes are dependent on sufficient external heat, but it also means that, since their bodies do not continually consume fuel, they need less energy in the form of food. Feedback loops may also exist to a greater degree: a type of homeostasis is preserved at the environment level. The predator and prey population cycle is a good example of this: a boom in the prey population would mean more food for predators, which will increase the number of predators. This will then result in over-predation, and the population of prey will decrease again. In addition, the predator population may decrease, releasing the burden on the population of prey and allowing it to bounce back. Another example is what is referred to as the "evolutionary arms race," in which a hunter and his prey continuously attempt to compete with each other. One such relationship is that of birds that are nectarivorous and the flowers they feed on. To obtain access to the nectar within the flower, the birds grow long beaks. In reaction, in an effort to discourage the bird from getting to the nectar, the flower produces a longer and longer trumpet-like structure. By developing an even longer beak, the bird responds. And so it proceeds.