1) What term refers to a behavior, environmental exposure, or inherent human characteristic that is associated with an important health condition? a

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1) What term refers to a behavior, environmental exposure, or inherent human characteristic that is associated with an important health condition?

a.      Descriptive epidemiology

b.     Risk Factor

c.      Cause

d.     Determinants

2.      What term refers to the ability of a program to produce benefits among those that are offered a prevention or control program?

a.      Accuracy

b.     Efficacy

c.      Effectiveness

d.     Analytic epidemiology

3.      What term refers to the ongoing usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people?

a.      Pandemic

b.     Common source epidemics

c.      Propagated epidemics

d.     Endemic

4.      The epidemiologic triangle consists of all EXCEPT which of the following:

a.      Host

b.     Fomite

c.      Infectious Agent

d.     Environment

5.      What respected physician and anesthesiologist is known for his investigations of cholera?

a.      John Snow

b.     Ignaz Semmelweis

c.      James Lind

d.     Thomas Syndenham

6.      What disease is characterized by a deficiency in Vitamin C?

a.      Anthrax

b.     Variolation

c.      Scurvy

d.     Typhoid

7.      All of the following are common stages relevant to most diseases EXCEPT:

a.      Stage of Susceptibility

b.     Stage of clinical disease

c.      Stage of asymptomatic disease

d.     Stage of recovery, disability, or death

8.      What term refers to the ability of a pathogen to get into a susceptible host and cause disease?

a.      Virulence

b.     Invasiveness

c.      Etiology

d.     Communicability

9.      What type of data is known to have unordered categories or classes (E.g. gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, occupation)? 

a.      Ordinal Data

b.     Nominal Data

c.      Continuous Data

d.     Discrete Data

10.  What survey is conducted over a short period of time (days-weeks) and the unit of analysis is the individual?

a.      Case series

b.     Case report

c.      Cross sectional survey

d.     Ecologic study

11.  What trend represents the long term changes in health related states or events?

a.      Secular trend

b.     Short term trend

c.      Fluctuation

d.     Seasonal trend

12.  What term refers to the data on birth, death, marriage and divorce?

a.      Survival analysis

b.     Public Health Surveillance

c.      Medical Surveillance

d.     Vital Records

13.  What term is the epidemiologic and statistic term for death?

a.      Morality

b.     Death to case ratio

c.      Mortality

d.     Morbidity

14.  The ratio of fetal deaths divided by the sum of the births (live and still) in a year is termed as:

a.      Fetal death rate

b.     Post neonatal Mortality rate

c.      Neonatal Mortality rate

d.     Perinatal Mortality rate

15.  In case control studies, what type of bias results from differential accuracy of recall between cases and controls or because of differential accuracy of exposure information because an interviewer probes cases differently than he or she does controls?

a.      Recall Bias

b.     Interviewer Bias

c.      Selection Bias

d.     Observation Bias

16.  What ratio is the measure of association used in cohort studies?

a.      Risk ratio

b.     Cohort Effect

c.      Rate Ratio

d.     Attributable risk percent

17.  What type of study design tests a group intervention designed for the purpose of educational and behavioral changes at the population level?

a.      Within group design

b.     Between group design

c.      Natural Experiment

d.     Community Trial

18.  What study is a standard scientific approach that involves a preliminary analysis that can greatly improve the chance of funding for major studies?

a.      Pilot Study

b.     Run in design

c.      Placebo effect

d.     Single Blinded Study

19.  What term is used to describe an incorrect result due to chance?

a.      Bias

b.     Systematic error

c.      Random Error

d.     Confounding

20.  All of the following are part of the nine criteria used to determine whether statistical associations were causal association by Sir Austin Bradford Hill EXCEPT for:

a.      Specificity

b.     Biologic Gradient

c.      Analogy

d.     Predisposing factors