1) A speech on how to choose a realtor, stage your home, and set a price for your house is using which type of organizational division? a.Compare/contrast b.Topical c.Spatial d.Causal

2 An audience-centered speaker should approach diversity by a.being acutely aware of the differences and trying to ignore them. b.choosing a topic that might be offensive to some listeners. c.gathering information on the audience, but not adapting the speech based on this information. d.respecting all listeners.

3 

A. Aristotle outlined all the following types of listeners EXCEPT? a.those using a speech to make decisions about the past. b.those using a speech to make decisions for the present. c.those using a speech to make decisions for the future. d.those who judge the skill of the speaker.

B. Rachel is listening to her husband speak, but is also compiling her grocery list in her head. What type of noise is she experiencing? a.semantic b.physiological c.psychological d.physical

4 Tisha is generally apprehensive about communication—even in small group discussion. Tisha probably suffers from _____________ anxiety.  a.trait  b.context  c.situational  d.audience

5 Will spends the majority of his speech outlining the problems with the Electoral College, leaving just a minute to talk about potential solutions. Which outlining principle is he violating? a.Singularity b.Consistency c.Adequacy d.Uniformity

6 The vast world of information gathered by others is called ___________ research?  a.primary  b.tertiary  c.secondary  d.survey

7 An effectively prepared working outline will?  Include all major points of the speech  Include the full text of the speech  Only include the body  Begin with a speaking outline

8 Javon asks her daughter for advice on how to operate the computer. When her daughter responds she is engaging in                        . field of knowledge. frame of reference. informative speaking. persuasive speaking. 28 of 50 ________________ is the unique set of perspectives, experience and knowledge every audience has. frame of knowledge. field of knowledge. field of experience. frame of reference

9. The general purpose for a speech in which the topic is the importance of not texting while driving is: to toast. to persuade. to entertain. to inform.

10 While researching your speech is important, you need to know when to stop researching and move to organizing your speech. The time you spend on finding and assessing your research should take no more than __________ of your speech preparation time. one-half one-third ninety percent seventy-five percent

11 One way to manage speaker apprehension is a behavior modification technique of  telling a joke.  breathing deeply.  positive visualization.  systematic desensitization.

12 Which of the following questions is a response question? Who in this class has ever traveled out of the country? What would you do if you learned your car was stolen? Do you remember the first time you stepped foot on a college campus? How will you feel when you cross the stage at your graduation?

 

Answer:

1. b) Topical

2. d) respecting all the listeners

3.

A. b) those using a speech to make decision to about the present.

B.  Psychological noise

4. a) Trait anxiety

5. b) Consistency

6. c) Secondary research

7. Include the full text of the speech

8. Informative speaking

Frame of reference

9. To persuade

10. One-half

11. Systematic desensitization

12. a)

Step-by-step explanation

1. In the first question, the topical/categorical organizational pattern is used. These categories are used which help the speaker tin consistently organizing the message. The main idea behind this type of speech is to create categories of information that help in supporting the main purpose. In the question the speaker has to speak on certain categories like how to choose the realtor, stage the home, and setting the price.

2. An audience-centered speaker would be one that identifies with the audience and adapt a speech according to their diversity, understanding level, and beliefs. An audience-centered approach reflects a person's effectiveness. It is important to understand that the audience comes from varied backgrounds. They have different ages, races, cultures, gender, occupation, and sexual orientation. It is important for the speaker to identify these factors in the audience and design the speech in a manner that addresses the diversity and respect the listeners.

3.

A. Aristotle identifies the fact that listeners had a varied style of listening. He stated that the audience is much more heterogeneous in nature. He classified listeners as follows- those who make decisions about the past and future by using the speech and those who assess the skills of the speaker.

B. Noise is one of the most important factors that disrupt listening. Rachel's example is an illustration of psychological noise. It is a kind of distraction that results when the listener is preoccupied with his/her own thoughts. In this situation, it is difficult to address the speech of the speaker. Thus, in the example, Rachel is preoccupied with her own thoughts which interfere with her ability to listen to her husband's speech.

4. Trait anxiety is when the person is apprehensive of any type of communication. People who suffer from this anxiety feel uncomfortable despite the situation. The person feels uncomfortable in group discussions to talking at a party. Thus, Trisha suffers from trait anxiety.

5. Will is violating the principle of consistency. In consistency, the coordinating and subcordinating points are represented consistently. However, in the example, Will is only talking about the Electoral problems of the college and not the solution.

6. Secondary research is a type of research where data is collected and organized by others. Examples include studies by government agencies and other industries. The data obtained by secondary research is more affordable and can be obtained faster.

7. The working outline is also known as the preparation outline. When the person writes the preparation outline he/she focuses on finalizing the purpose statement, ordering the main points, and deciding the materials that should be included in the speech. The person rearranges the point and includes the complete script of the speech in the working outline.

8. The speaker in informative speech transmits knowledge to others. For example, when a person gives direction to another about crossing the road, he/she is engaging in informative speaking/speech. An informative speech conveys clear and information to the person in a way that holds the interest of the listener. Thus, in Jason's example. her daughter is engaging in informative speaking.

Each member of the audience has a unique set of experience, knowledge, and perspective that is their own, it is known as a frame of reference. Therefore, even if the audience appears to be homogeneous, they have their way of understanding the same point. 

9. Persuasive speaking is undertaken to influence the beliefs, attitudes, and values of the audience. It is carried out to persuade the audience in the right direction. To persuade the audience, the speaker creates arguments that are appealing to the audience. The speaker supports his/her speech with evidence.

10. When a speaker engages in deciding about the material of his speech, he/she engages in researching about the topic. However, the researcher should not take more than one-half of the time about researching the topic and start the preparation of the topic.

11. Systematic desensitization is a technique which is usually used in the treatment of phobias and anxiety disorder. It involves a hierarchy of the fear-provoking stimulus with the least feared stimuli at the bottom and most feared stimuli at the top. The therapist asks the patient to imagine the fear-inducing stimuli which is accompanied by relaxation process. In the communication process, increased exposure to public speaking can help in reducing anxiety.

12. A response question is a direct question that demands a response. Using direct questions in speech encourage listeners to respond. These questions make listeners more alert.

References

Wheeless, L. R. (1975). An investigation of receiver apprehension and social context dimensions of communication apprehension. Communication Education, 24(3), 261-268.

Morrell, K. (2020). Applying aristotle's three ancient rhetorical appeals to modern business communication. SAGE Publications: SAGE Business Cases Originals.\

McCroskey, J. C. (1972). The implementation of a large?scale program of systematic desensitization for communication apprehension. Communication Education, 21(4), 255-264.

Monroe, A. H. (1939). Principles and types of speech.

Sellnow, D. (2004). Confident public speaking. Cengage Learning.