1) What does turbidity of urine refer to? 2

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1) What does turbidity of urine refer to?

2. How would you describe a normal urine sample in terms of color, turbidity, and odor?

Urinalysis Dipstick:

1. A standard Chemstix dipstick tests for what characteristics/solutes in the urine?

2. If someone has a urinary tract infection, which 2 characteristics are likely to be positive on a urinalysis dipstick?

3. If someone tests positive for glucose in the urine, this typically means that their blood glucose is (very high, normal, very low)

4. After a fast of a day or more, which characteristic of the urine is likely to become positive?

5. Urobilinogen and bilirubin are derived from what pigment (found in red blood cells)?

6. What are some conditions or activities that can precede increased proteins in the urine?

7. What is the normal range of urine pH?

8. What does specific gravity of urine measure?

Microscopic Observations:

1. Are red and white blood cells normally present in large amounts in urine?

2. Describe the composition of casts and crystals.

3. Are microorganisms normally present in the urine (NOT from the vaginal or urethral epithelium, but in urine uncontaminated by exposure to vaginal or urethral epithelium)?