On the Income Statement, which of the following would be classified as a variable cost? Promotion Expense R and D Expense Depreciation Expense Direct Labor Expense

Following are not part of variable costs :

Promotion expense : It is a type of fixed cost since promotion expense will be mostly independent of quantity of goods sold. Thus for a a certain promotion expense, company may end up selling 100 units or 200 units.

R & D expense : It is a fixed expense which company incurs year on year to carry on its research and innovation activities

Depreciation expense : it is a separate type of expense which is treated separately in books of accounts

“Direct labor expense” however is a type of variable expense since it will vary with change with quantity produced. More quantity produced, more will be direct labour expense.