What challenges did India, Pakistan, Vietnam, and Indonesia face after World War II?

British colonized India but were reluctant after World War II for they feared India could later erupt into a civil war between Hindus and Muslims and after British withdrawal, there was partition of two independent countries those are India and Pakistan after the World War II and some hundreds of people lost their lives after independence and Gandhi was assassinated by Hindu fanatics. The partition was the only way to end the turmoil among the India domination by whom. After World War II Vietnam faced many challenges such as internal repression together with isolation due to Cold War, Vietnamese invasion of the Cambodia and the American economic embargo. After Japan`s surrender World War II, communist Vietnamese Ho-Chi-Minh declared independence and they declared as in U.S. that all men are equal and afterwards organized Viet Minh which was a Vietnamese guerrilla organization to fight for Vietnamese independence. Japan collaborated with French and Ho made a contact with allies where he aided operations against the Japanese who were at South China and early 1945, Japan expelled French officials in Vietnam where they executed a number of French administrators and in 1946 after talks collapsed between French and Vietnamese communist, French warships did bombarded the northern region of Vietnamese city of Haiphong and thousands were killed. Wars prolonged for years even rendering Vietnam be divided into northern and southern regions. Indonesia independence declaration in 1945 and Netherlands` recognition of Indonesia`s independence at the end of 1949. During this period of four years there was a struggle involving occasional bloody and armed conflict. Dutch did control the major cities but were unable to control the major towns. 1949 Netherlands together with military stalemate came to recognize Indonesian Independence and that was the end of colonialism by Dutch apart from Netherlands New Guinea which had a significant change in ethnic caste together with reducing rule power of majority of rulers locally.