question archive What are some ways or methods to examine blood in a forensic investigation? please cite source thank you!
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What are some ways or methods to examine blood in a forensic investigation? please cite source thank you!
Collection and Preservation of Blood Evidence from Crime Scenes
Seeing as blood samples connected with a crime may include clues that can solve the case, this type of evidence must be accurately registered, processed and stored. Blood proof poorly treated will undermine or ruin a possible basis of information in a lawsuit. Blood evidence correctly gathered and stored may create a clear correlation between a person and a criminal matter.To validate or refute a statutory declaration or other claims that the defendant might make, blood proof or the absence of blood evidence may also be used. In trying to solve the crime, blood testing will also lead the detective in the direction he or she wants to go. If blood evidence is correctly registered, processed, and preserved, it will be introduced several years past the time of the illegal act before a judge and jury.The opportunity to completely exclude a person as a possible suspect in a crime is probably the most effective use of blood evidence.
In the last 20 years, the technological state of blood proof processing has quickly progressed. Most crime labs relied on the blood grouping system of the ABO to classify bloodstains in the early seventies. This meant that 4 to 49 percent of the population may have supplied blood. Most crime laboratories used DNA analysis to characterize bloodstains in the 1990s. It is now possible to statistically limit a blood supply down to one person out of several million or several billion.(1) The investigator of the crime scene should know which bloodstain analysis tool or methods are available from his or her crime laboratory, the FBI laboratory, and private laboratories.Bloodstains vary from pools of blood around a body to clear spatter patterns on the walls to microscopic drops on the clothes of a perpetrator of both blood quantities and type of pattern. The shape of the pattern of bloodstain will significantly depend on the energy used to propel the blood as well as the surface on which it falls. Usually, forward spatter from a bullet wound will produce tiny droplets dispersed over a wide area, while damage spatter will create bigger drops and be more centered on the direct regions.Bloodstain investigators use proven analytical processes, including data collection, interpretation, recording, study, assessment, hypothesis and technical (or peer) examination, to analyze bloodstain evidence at a crime scene. To ensure precision and consistency, all analyses and studies should be capable of being replicated by objective observers.Depending on if there are any qualified analysts in the region, outside contractors are used regularly. The research location would therefore depend on the scope of the case and whether there is a need for knowledge outside that of the local analyst. Bloodstain formation research is done in two stages: analysis of patterns and restoration.
Analysts use the direction and orientation of the discolouration to define the regions of fragmentation (the beginning point of the bloodshed) and the center of the spatter to better recreate events that caused sectarian violence. Investigators usually use string to locate the field of convergence to produce straight lines along the long axis of individual drops, tracking the angle of effect over a flat plane, such as the floor or wall where the drops are located. Following the lines to where they converge tells investigators where when the drops were made, the victim was placed.