5) Being a boy is necessary and sufficient for being a male.

6. Being a mother is necessary and sufficient for being a female.

7. x's being older than y is necessary and sufficient for y's being younger than x.

8. Being Saturday is necessary and sufficient for being the weekend.

9. Hating Vancouver's weather is necessary and sufficient for being in Vancouver.

10. Wanting to succeed is necessary and sufficient for being successful.

11. x's loving y is necessary and sufficient for y's loving x.

12. Being enrolled in Phil 1145 is necessary and sufficient for getting an A in Phil 1145.

13. Being blue is necessary and sufficient for being coloured.

14. Being a cat is necessary and sufficient for being a mammal.

15. Being the numbers 2, 4, or 6 is necessary and sufficient for being an even number.

16. Being registered in Phil 1145 is necessary and sufficient for having a KPU student number.

17. Having a Canadian passport is necessary and sufficient for being a Canadian citizen.

18. Having two legs is necessary and sufficient for being human.

19. A job ad says, "Qualified candidates for this job must speak fluent Latin." This means that



        a. Speaking Latin is sufficient for getting the job.

        b. Speaking Latin is necessary for getting the job.

        c. Speaking Latin is necessary and sufficient for getting the job.

        d. Speaking Latin is neither necessary nor sufficient for getting the job.

20. The sentence "Jones' will get honours if she gets straight A's" means that:

        a. Jones getting A's is a necessary condition for getting honours.

        b. Jones' getting A's is sufficient for getting honours.

        c. Jones' getting A's is both necessary and sufficient for getting honours.

        d. Jones' getting A's is neither necessary nor sufficient for getting honours.

Section B: Translate these sentences into proper conditional form:

21. Smith has got to have a degree in law if she's a politician.

22. Jones will not do well in Phil 1145 if he missed the lecture on necessary and sufficient conditions.

23. Smith will win Athlete of the year only if her point total is more than 100.

24. Jones is seriously ill only if she has a fever, headache, and the chills.

Section C: SIMPLE RECONSTRUCTIONS: Reconstruct the following four arguments. (Remember to aim for a well-formed reconstruction. Label ep or ip where necessary, and state a justification where necessary.) 2 points each

Anyone who invested in the stock market is broke. And I heard that Jones invested in the stock market. Haha! What a sucker!

I hear she's an Olympic swimming coach. I guess she was a former swimmer herself.

Smith is going to live past 100. He eats well, doesn't smoke or drink. He exercises regularly. He doesn't eat meat. And his parents lived well past 100.

Euthanasia is wrong, because it gives one the power to terminate one's life, and we definitely shouldn't do anything that gives one the power to end one's life.

Section D: ADVANCED: Reconstruct any two of the following three arguments. (Remember to aim for a well-formed reconstruction. Label ep or ip where necessary, and state a justification where necessary.) 4 points each

Jones will be the next student council president if she has enough support, works hard, and has good policy-ideas. But she has all those things. So, Smith won't win. Poor Smith. I liked him a lot. I hear he surfs.

Consciousness exists. But consciousness exists only if consciousness is embedded within a physical brain. And if it's embedded within a brain, then once the brain dies, consciousness goes with it. So, life after death isn't possible.

Children shouldn't do homework. It stresses kids out, stresses their parents out, and creates tension in the home. Also, it's the job of teachers to do this kind of stuff. At least that's what I think.

pur-new-sol

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