what is Compare the diagnostic criteria for two neurocognitive disorders psychologically

how describe the etiology behind the disorders.

Describe treatment strategies for these disorders

what is Explain potential challenges associated with treating these disorders neurocognitive disorders psychological

1. Alzheimer's is a progressive  disease, where dementia symptoms gradually worsen over a number of years. In its early stages, memory loss is mild, but with late-stage Alzheimer's, individuals lose the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to their environment.

DSM criteria include: progressive decline in memory and other  cognitive impairments such as aphasia, agnosia or apraxia  should be suspected for Alzheimer's disease. 

Parkinson's Disease (PD)

There are four primary motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement) and postural instability (balance problems). Observing two or more of these symptoms is the main way to diagnose PD. Other symptoms include cognitive decline, psychiatric disturbances (depression, psychosis and impulse control), sleep difficulties, autonomic failures (gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urinary, thermoregulation) and pain syndrome. 

2. Etiology

Alzheimer's disease is thought to be caused by the abnormal build-up of proteins in and around brain cells. One of the proteins involved is called amyloid, deposits of which form plaques around brain cells. The other protein is called tau, deposits of which form tangles within brain cells.

Parkinson's Disease

The etiology of Parkinson's disease is not completely understood. It is thought to arise from a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra, an area concerned with regulation of movement. Dopamine exerts an inhibitory effect on the basal ganglia, thus controlling extrapyramidal movement. Considerable body of research suggests that a variety of occupational, environmental and genetic factors may play an important role.

3. Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease

Medication including Donepezil (Aricept), Galantamine (Razadyne), Rivastigmine. Non-drug interventions for Alzheimer's disease include things like memory training, mental and social stimulation, and physical exercise programs. Some of these strategies could possibly improve people's cognitive performance and increase their independence.

Parkinson's Disease

Levodopa, the most effective Parkinson's disease medication, is a natural chemical that passes into your brain and is converted to dopamine. Psychologists can work with patients experiencing adjustment issues related to a new diagnosis of Parkinson's disease or a change in the disease process. Psychologists can treat symptoms of anxiety and depression in addition to teaching skills to improve sleep quality.

4. Issues in treatment

As Alzheimer's disease progresses, people experience greater memory loss and other cognitive difficulties. Problems can include wandering and getting lost, trouble handling money and paying bills, repeating questions, taking longer to complete normal daily tasks, and personality and behavior changes.

In Parkinson's disease, (PD) motor complications—dyskinesia, dystonia, and symptom reemerge due to wearing off—can occur with long-term PD therapy. Over time, patients who have been stabilized on a therapeutic regimen may begin to experience a reemergence of symptoms as the effect of their medication wears off between doses.