Please answer each of the following four (4) questions in accordance with the following standards:(a) adherence to the proper standards of grammar, (b) the logical development of concepts and reasoning, (c) comprehensiveness of the response and (d) depth of knowledge demonstrated. Each question is valued equally at 25 points.The optimum length for the response is anticipated to be no more than 1-2 pages for each question.

Answer each question in numerical order by first restating the question along with the number of that question followed by a double-spaced response. Answer all points raised in each question in order, and be specific and/or provide examples as appropriate.

The questions

1) Impasse procedures. In the event of an impasse in collective bargaining between the parties, there are various mechanisms that may be relied upon to address such an inability to reach a settlement, which include reliance upon third party intervention, as well as the use of economic weapons. Identify these mechanisms and discuss them as they may apply with specific relevance to the private and public sectors.

2) Grievance Procedure. Describe a typical grievance process by reference to common issues that form the basis of a grievance and the procedure that one will usually find in a collective bargaining contract with reference to the parties involved, procedures undertaken and outcomes anticipated.

3) Arbitration. Arbitration has its own quite specific characteristics that distinguish it from other more formal conflict resolution forums such as administrative hearings, judicial process, as well as more informal procedures such as mediation and fact-finding. Describe the basic characteristics that best set arbitration apart from those other processes.

4) Public Sector. Labor relations in the public (government) sector differs in several ways from that in the private sector. In no more than a paragraph each, discuss the relevance of the following five (5) factors as regards the public sector.

   a) the applicable statute

   b) the role of public opinion and the media

c)   multilateral and end-run bargaining

   d) due process rights of employees under Board of Regents v. Roth

e) Impact of Janus v. AFSCME cf. Abood v Detroit Board of Education

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