14- An older female client with long term type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is seen in the client for a routine health assessment. To determine if the client is experiencing any long - term complications of DM, which assessments should the nurse obtain? (Select all that apply)

a.     Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

b.     Sensation in feet and legs.

c.     Skin condition of lower extremities.

d.     Signs of respiratory tract infection

e.     Visual acuity.

 

a.     Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

b.     Sensation in feet and legs.

c.     Skin condition of lower extremities.

e.     Visual acuity.

When one is diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus , they have a long journey full of complications and the complications include : infections of the kidney , eyes ,nerves and also blood vessels .They develop heart diseases due to increase in cholesterol levels , eye disease , kidney diseases occur due to small blood vessels in the kidneys changing , the damaging of nerves can lead to loss of feeling and mobility in the legs ,feet and arms , there is development of ulcers in feet due to the low nerve functioning and blood supply , teeth and gum infections are likely to occur thyroid infections affecting glucose levels in the blood .

• Visual acuity is a test for eyesight and people with type II diabetes are at a risk of eye sight loss .
•  Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is used to measure the glucose levels in the urine due to the thyroid problems and also the kidney infections.
•  Sensation in feet and legs. The diabetes patients are likely to loss sensitivity in the legs and feet due to nerve issues.
• Skin condition of lower extremities. There is high rate of ulcers in feet and therefore need to be examined .

Diabetes is not known to affect the respiratory system .