Use the constituency tests which were covered in class and in your textbook (i

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Use the constituency tests which were covered in class and in your textbook (i.e., substitution, wh-question & sentence fragment answer, movement and co-ordination) to determine whether the underlined strings in the following sentences form constituents. [20 points]

 

(i) Give the name of test you have applied...choose ONE test for each example. NOTE: You don't have to use all four tests for the four sentences, but you must demonstrate that you can use at least TWO different tests.

(ii) an example demonstrating application of test ... and if the result is ungrammatical, indicate this with an asterisk (*) at the beginning of the sentence. 

(iii) A statement of conclusion. 

 

Example The tragedy upset the entire family

 

(i) Test: Substitution 

(ii) Application: It upset the entire family. 

(iii) Conclusion: Since substituting the pronoun it for the tragedy is grammatical (with the same meaning), we may conclude that this underlined string of words is a constituent. 

 

a. Every politician asked me to donate to his campaign. 

b. My sister read the newspaper after breakfast.

c. Les cooked their parents a wonderful dinner.

d. Every child in the yard screamed at the rabid dog. 

e. Those silly geese have been running around the pond all morning.