1) Which of the following sensory systems would provide the most accurate data if you were riding your skateboard in the dark Group of answer choices

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1) Which of the following sensory systems would provide the most accurate data if you were riding your skateboard in the dark

Group of answer choices. a. vision, b. vestibular, c. none of the above, d. somatosensory

2, EMG electrodes record muscle fiber action potentials, which of the following are true

Group of answer choices. a. the distance traveled along the muscle fiber affects the time of recording, b. the direction of the fiber action potential determines in polarity, c. all of the above are true, d. the distance from the recording electrodes to the active fiber affects the amplitude

3, Synovial fluid is. a. a thin low viscous fluid, b. none of the above, c. a thick, viscous fluid with the consistency of egg yolk.

4, The preload effect in a stretch-shorten cycle refers to. a. the stretch reflex increases muscle force, b. none of the above, c. the force is higher at the start of the concentric phase, d. the force is higher at the start of the eccentric phase

5, Which of the following contraction types have the highest caloric expenditure when compared at the same force level. a. caloric expenditure is constant, since the force is the same, b. isometric, c. concentric, d. eccentric, e. none of the above

6, The level of sensitivity of the muscle spindle is set or altered by which of the following fibers

Group of answer choices. a. type II, b. type Ia, c. type Ib, d. alpha, e. none of the above

7, Dynamic gamma stimulation will cause which of the following in response to a muscle stretch. a. a decrease in type II output when the muscle is held at a lengthened position, b. an increase in type Ib output while the muscle is being stretched, c. an increase in type Ia output while the muscle is being stretched, d. none of the above, e. an increase in type II output when the muscle is held at a lengthened position

8, ncreasing the velocity of muscle shortening causes. a. an increase in crossbridge force and a decrease in the number of actin-myosin motors, b. an increase in crossbridge force and the number of actin-myosin motors, c. a decrease crossbridge force and an increase in the number of actin-myosin motors, d. none of the above, e. a decrease in crossbridge force and the number of actin-myosin motors

9, Which of the following are true at the fastest velocity of muscle lengthening (eccentric). a. 80 active actin-myosin motors each generate a total force is 12 pN, b. 40 active actin-myosin motors each generate a total force is 8 pN, c. 60 active actin-myosin motors each generate a total force is 10 pN, d. none of the above, e. 20 active actin-myosin motors each generate a total force is 6 pN

10, Which of the following are true at the fastest velocity of muscle shortening

Group of answer choices. a. 80 active actin-myosin motors each generate a total force is 12 pN, b. 60 active actin-myosin motors each generate a total force is 10 pN, c. none of the above, d. 20 active actin-myosin motors each generate a total force is 6 pN, e. 40 active actin-myosin motors each generate a total force is 8 pN

11, In the remodeling process of bone osteoclasts stop digging a hole in the bone tissue when

Group of answer choices. a. they reach the point where all remaining osteocytes have normal communication, b. the primary bone crack has been removed, c. all of the cracks in the bone have been removed, d. disinhibition occurs, e. none of the above

12, Increased muscle activation elicited by golgi tendons organ is

Group of answer choices. a. negative force feedback, b. reciprocal inhibition, c. positive force feedback, d. none of the above, ed. muscular preactivation

13, The sensitivity of the muscle spindle to an imposed stretch can be altered by

Group of answer choices.a .type Ia neuron, b. gamma neuron, c. type II neuron, d. none of the above, e. alpha neuron

, b. of answer choices. a. always 4 pN of force at a metabolic cost of 1 ATP8 - 12 pN of force at a metabolic cost of 1 ATP, c. 6 pN of force at a metabolic cost of 1 ATP, d. none of the above, e. 4 − 6 pN of force at a metabolic cost of 1 ATP

14, The increase in eccentric force as a function of increasing velocity of stretch is attributed to

Group of answer choices. a. none of the above, b. increasing the number of motors, c. additional motor force, d. titin binding with actin to resist stretch, e. increasing the number of motors and increased elastic strain

15, Which of the following tissues are stronger when loaded fast compared to slow rate of loading?

Group of answer choices .a. bone, b. cartilage, c. all of the above,d. tendon, d. ligament

16, Which of the following are biomechanical descriptors of injury?

Group of answer choices. a. magnitude of force, b. magnitude of muscular preactivation, c. all of the above, d. state of training, e. rate of force application

17, Muscular preactivation is defined as

Group of answer choices. a. the time for the muscles to arrest the body's momentum, b. the movement time and the reflex time to respond to an event, c. none of the above, d. the reflex time for the muscles to respond to an event, e. the muscle force - time

18, The time delay between a bout of excessive (above 4000 microstrain) loading and the initial adaptive remodeling response in bone is

Group of answer choices. a. 2 - 3 days after the exercise bout, b. 1 - 2 months after the exercise bout, c. none of the above, d. immediately after the exercise bout, e. 2 - 3 weeks after the exercise bout

19, According to sensory organizational theory, the CNS uses which of the following to maintain balance?

Group of answer choices. a. somatosensory, b. all of the above, c. vestibular, d. vision

20, Fast twitch fibers specialize in providing "braking action" in an eccentric contraction when

Group of answer choices, a. titin binds to actin in the presence of Ca++, b. the crossbridge forms, c. tropomyosin forms a crossbridge with actin, d. myosin binds to actin

21, The area under the unload curve of a stress - strain graph

Group of answer choices. a. describes the energy absorbed by the material, b. represents force relaxation, c. none of the above,d. describes the energy returned by the material, e. represents creep of the material

22, Which of the following fibers from the muscle spindle contribute to proprioception?

Group of answer choices. a. type Ia, b. type II, c. gamma, d. type Ib

23, A subject is instructed to generate a 45% MVC contraction in a ramp fashion, taking 3 seconds to reach 45% MVC, which of the following are true?

Group of answer choices. a. fast twitch motor units are not needed for 45% MVC, b. fast twitch motor units will fire at a high rate at the start of the contraction then shut off when 45% is reached. c. fast twitch motor units will fire at a slow rate initially and then gradually increased, d. fast twitch motor units will fire at a fixed rate of 20 Hz throughout