1) This poetry is not __; it is more likely to appeal to an international audience than is poetry with strictly regional themes

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1) This poetry is not __; it is more likely to appeal to an international audience than is poetry with strictly regional themes.

A. familiar               B. democratic           C. technical          D. complex                E. provincial

2.The techniques now available to livestock breeders will continue to be __, but will probably be __ by new ones under development.

A. fruitful...reversed                                 B. refined...upgraded

C. inconvenient...reassessed                      D. used...supplemented            E. harmless...improved

3.It was her view that the country's problems had been __ by foreign technocrats, so that to invite them to come back would be counterproductive.

A. foreseen              B. attacked                C. ascertained          D. exacerbated         E. analyzed

4.He was regarded by his followers, as something of __, not only because of his insistence on strict discipline, but also because of his __ adherence to formal details.

A.   a martinet...rigid

B. an authority...sporadic

C. a tyrant...reluctant

D. a fraud...conscientious

E. an acolyte...maniacal

5.Exposure to low-intensity gamma radiation slows the rate of growth of the spoilage microorganisms in food in much the same way that the low heat used in pasteurization __ the spoilage action of the microorganisms in milk.

A. precludes             B. initiates                C. inhibits                   D. isolates                E. purifies

6. Unlike the easily studied neutral and ionized __ that compose the primary disk of the Milky Way itself, the components of the __ surrounding our galaxy have proved more resistant to study.

A. figments...envelope                     B. essences...fluctuations                      C. elements...problems

D. calculations...perimeter                     E. materials...region

7. Dramatic literature often __ the history of a culture in that it takes as its subject matter the important events that have shaped and guided the culture.

A. confounds                       B. repudiates            C. recapitulates           D. anticipates           E. polarizes

Questions 8-11 are based on the following passages.

Passage 1

Quantum mechanics is a highly successful theory: it supplies methods for accurately calculating the results of diverse experiments, especially with minute particles. The predictions of quantum mechanics, however, give only the probability of an event, not a deterministic statement of whether or not the event will occur. Because of this probabilism, Einstein remained strongly dissatisfied with the theory throughout his life, though he did not maintain that quantum mechanics is wrong. Rather, he held that it is incomplete: in quantum mechanics the motion of a particle must be described in terms of probabilities, he argued, only because some parameters that determine the motion have not been specified. If these hypothetical "hidden parameters" were known, a fully deterministic trajectory could be defined. Significantly, this hidden-parameter quantum theory leads to experimental predictions different from those of traditional quantum mechanics. Einstein's ideas have been tested by experiments performed since his death, and as most of these experiments support traditional quantum mechanics, Einstein's approach is almost certainly erroneous.

8. The author regards the idea that traditional quantum mechanics is incomplete with

A. approval                 B. surprise          C. indifference             D. apprehension             E. skepticism

9. According to the passage, Einstein posed objections to the

A.   existence of hidden parameters in quantum theory

B. probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics

C. idea that quantum mechanics is incomplete

D. results of experiments testing quantum theory

E. importance accorded quantum mechanics in physics

Passage 2

The 1960's witnessed two profound social movements: the civil rights movement and the movement protesting the war in Vietnam. Although they overlapped in time, they were largely distinct. For a brief moment in 1967, however, it appeared that the two movements might unite under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr.

King's role in the antiwar movement appears to require little explanation, since he was the foremost advocate of nonviolence of his time. But King's stance on the Vietnam War cannot be explained in terms of pacifism alone. After all, he was something of a latecomer to the antiwar movement, even though by 1965 he was convinced that the role of the United States in the war was indefensible. Why then the two years that passed before he translated his private misgivings into public dissent? Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.

10. According to the passage, the delay referred to in lines 12-15 is perhaps attributable to which of the following?

A.   King's ambivalence concerning the role of the United States in the war in

Vietnam

B.   King's attempts to consolidate support for his leadership within the civil

rights movement

C.   King's desire to keep the leadership of the civil rights movement distinct

from that of the antiwar movement

D.   King's desire to draw support for the civil rights movement from the

leadership of the antiwar movement

E.    King's reluctance to jeopardize federal support for the civil rights

movement

11. Which of the following best describes the passage?

A.   It discusses an apparent inconsistency and suggests a reason for it.

B. It outlines a sequence of historical events.

C. It shows why a commonly held view is inaccurate.

D. It evaluates an explanation and finally accepts that explanation.

E.    It contrasts two views of an issue.

Question 12-18 are based on the following passage.

As Gilbert White, Darwin, and others observed long ago, all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in (5) check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different populations makes this task more difficult: some populations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly, with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather, and in other cases not. (10) To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns, one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have "density-dependent" growth parameters; that is, rates of birth, death, and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have (15) "density-independent" growth parameters, with vital rates buffeted by environmental events; these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.

This dichotomy has its uses, but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by (20) density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth, death and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages, if there were no density-dependent effects, the population would, in the long run, either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly). Put another way, it may be (25) that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes, and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant, and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet, whether recognized or not, they will usually determine the long-term average population density.

(30) In order to understand the nature of the ecologist's investigation, we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the "signal" ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise" in the (35) population dynamics. For populations that remain relatively constant, or that oscillate around repeated cycles, the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described, even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating populations, we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the (40) overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.

 

12.    The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

A.                discussing two categories of factors that control population growth and assessing their relative importance

B.   describing how growth rates in natural populations fluctuate over time and explaining why these changes occur

C.      proposing a hypothesis concerning population sizes and suggesting ways to test it

D.     posing a fundamental question about environmental factors in population growth and presenting some currently accepted answers

E.      refuting a commonly accepted theory about population density and offering a new alternative

13.In line 10, "kaleidoscope" mostly means

A. discussion

B. stability C. mirage

D. flexibility E. enigma

14.It can be inferred that the author considers the dichotomy (line 18) to be

A.   applicable only to erratically fluctuating populations

B. useful, but only if its limitations are recognized

C. dangerously misleading in most circumstances

D. a complete and sufficient way to account for observed phenomena

E. conceptually valid, but too confusing to apply on a practical basis

15.The discussion concerning population in paragraph 3 serves primarily to

A. demonstrate the difficulties ecologists face in studying density-dependent factors limiting population growth

B. advocate more rigorous study of density-dependent factors in population growth

C. prove that the death rates of any population are never entirely density-independent

D. give an example of how death rates function to limit population densities in typical populations

E. underline the importance of even small density-dependent factors in regulating long-term population densities

 

16.Which of the following is a true statement about density-dependent factors (line 20) in population growth?

A.   They ultimately account for long-term population levels.

B. They have little to do with long-term population density.

C. They are incompatible with density-independent.

D. They include random environmental events.

E. They are easily eliminated from density-independent population.

17.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. For irregularly fluctuating populations, doubling the number of observations made will probably result in the isolation of density-dependent effects.

B. Density-dependent effects on population dynamics do not occur as frequently as do density-independent effects.

C. At present, ecologists do not understand any of the underlying causes of the density-dependent effects they observe in population dynamics.

D. Density-dependent effects on growth parameters are thought to be caused by some sort of biochemical "signaling" that ecologists hope eventually to understand.

E. It is sometimes possible to infer the existence of a density-dependent factor controlling population growth without understanding its causative mechanism.

18.According to the passage, all of the following behaviors have been exhibited by different populations EXCEPT:

A. roughly constant population levels from year to year

B. regular cycles of increases and decreases in numbers

C. erratic increases in numbers correlated with the weather

D. unchecked increases in numbers over many generations

E. sudden declines in numbers from time to time