Increasing AI Agriculture in Emerging Countries and Countries with Low Economy Submitted by Sateesh Rongali           A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education/Philosophy in Leadership with a specialization in Computer Science         Judson University Elgin, Illinois Date (of the committee or Dean’s signature)       Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 2 Background 2 Problem Statement and Significance 4 Theoretical Framework 4 Researcher’s Positionality 8 Purpose 8 Research Question(s) 9 Significance 10 Definition of Terms 11 Summary 11     Chapter 1: Introduction   Background Agriculture has been a field that is gradually declining in popularity in several countries around the world

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Increasing AI Agriculture in Emerging Countries and Countries with Low Economy

Submitted by

Sateesh Rongali

 

 

 

 

 

A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Doctor of Education/Philosophy in Leadership

with a specialization in Computer Science

 

 

 

 

Judson University

Elgin, Illinois

Date (of the committee or Dean’s signature)

 

 

 

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 2

Background 2

Problem Statement and Significance 4

Theoretical Framework 4

Researcher’s Positionality 8

Purpose 8

Research Question(s) 9

Significance 10

Definition of Terms 11

Summary 11

 

 

Chapter 1: Introduction

 

Background

Agriculture has been a field that is gradually declining in popularity in several countries around the world. The rate of growth of the global demand for agricultural products has also started to decline in the recent past. This is particularly significant in emerging countries and countries with low economy that were dependent on agriculture (Sivarethinamohan et al., 2020). The number of agricultural lands in developing countries like India have started to decrease. This decrease can be attributed to several factors including an increase in modernization and the decrease of groundwater levels in several regions. Although this decrease in popularity might feel insignificant, it might result in disastrous effects in the long run. This is because most of the countries (Sivarethinamohan et al., 2020). Comment by Author: What do you mena by this? Comment by Author: has Comment by Author: explain what you mean/edit for clarity. How is this an effect? Comment by Author: Do same for this Comment by Author: incomplete sentence

Decline in agricultural production can significantly impact countries with low economy because it further reduces their economy. An increase in agricultural production helps lower food prices and increases the country’s ability to do commerce based on the agriculture products. Therefore, it is important for these countries to improve their economic condition. In addition to increased modernization and decreasing water levels, most countries also face a decrease in agricultural labor (Sivarethinamohan et al., 2020). This is because most of the youths of the countries do not view agriculture as a viable option for sustenance or growth. Agriculture is also not viewed in a positive light in most of these societies, which also adds to the factor. They are more attracted to other fields that provide them more money and increase their status in the society. Since this mentality is inbred into most of the societies, the reformation of such ideas will take significantly more time (Sivarethinamohan et al., 2020). Comment by Author: The decline/A decline Comment by Author: What do you mean by this?

Due to these factors, most of the agriculture in emerging and low economy countries are carried out by an older population. This poses several problems for the economy. The lack of a younger agricultural labor population makes agriculture a non-sustainable option for economic growth. As mentioned earlier, the lack of agriculture could cause economic disruptions. There is also the fact that the older population is unable to pass on their knowledge to other generations because of the lack of interest (Sivarethinamohan et al., 2020). Thus, farmers in these countries are less able to take advantage of other areas that produce food or products. If these issues are not solved, further issues may arise such as social unrest or political instability within the populations. This poses a threat to emerging economies that are dependent on agricultural production (Sivarethinamohan et al., 2020). Comment by Author: Consider including additional reference citations, this will provide a richer focus for the work Comment by Author: Consider using another word to avoid repetition.

 

Problem Statement and Significance

The main problem behind the decrease in agriculture in emerging and low economy countries is the decrease in the significance and popularity of agriculture. Because of modernization, the younger population in most of the countries do not understand the value of agriculture in their economy. This could be partially attributed to the growth of various industries and their marketing ability (Tzachor, 2021). This has attracted many youths in the countries to ignore farming as a viable option for their economic or social growth. As more and more people gyrate towards modern fields and industries, they have started occupying more land in the countries. This has resulted in the transformation of valuable agricultural lands into factories, companies and residential areas in most of the countries. This has resulted in the decrease of groundwater, which is a critical component for agriculture (Tzachor, 2021). Comment by Author: This portion sounds very familiar, seems more like a repetition of what had been said earlier. Readers will always remember what you said earlier and will quickly lose interest when they sense that you are saying the same thing over and over again.

The lack of agricultural knowledge is also a significant factor in developing countries. Knowledge of farming is extremely important for developing countries to manage an agricultural process. Since most emerging and low economy countries need to grow their economy rapidly, they are forced to disregard agriculture as one of the main sources of economy and focus on modern industries and companies that provide opportunities for rapid growth (Tzachor, 2021). To improve agricultural growth, these countries need revolutionary methods that can increase production at lower costs. But this is a challenge as older people contribute to most of the active population of farmers. This has impacted technological and technical advancements in the agricultural field, which is a necessity to mitigate the existing threat to agriculture in most of these countries (Tzachor, 2021). Comment by Author: I don’t think this portion adequately and forcefully addresses the importance of using AI for agriculature, which is the focus of your research. Having established the need, I suggest a more forceful discussion of where this research is going to do.

 

Theoretical Framework

The term "AI" refers to information processing and intelligence. The general idea is that this technology is used to learn and master, and to build applications with that knowledge. In most cases, the information processing and intelligent nature of such a system is what is taught in the literature. The main goal of the dissertation is to explore agriculture in emerging and low economy countries and find ways to induce the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (Jha et al., 2019). The theoretical framework for the dissertation will focus on compiling instances of AI usage in global agriculture and explore the possibilities and challenges that are involved in the same. The dissertation will research the concepts through the exploration of various literary resources that are based on AI Agriculture to develop a comprehensive and comprehensive understanding of the field. Furthermore, the research will look at the practical and social challenges that arise from the use of such technologies, with the aim of encouraging the use of AI technologies in agriculture (Jha et al., 2019). Comment by Author: What literature? Comment by Author: this Comment by Author: I suggest sourcing for and going through a couple dissertations in computer science to see what theories drive research in computer science.

The work of the dissertation team will focus on the development and adoption of AI as a means of agriculture, which is crucial for future economic development and to make large scale agricultural production more efficient in emerging countries and countries with lower economies. The use of Artificial Intelligence system in the field of agriculture is rapidly increasing (Jha et al., 2019). There have been several breakthroughs and advances in AI and some countries have been able to leverage the technology through the development of AI programs and systems. In many of the countries, the economic output as a result of the advances made in agricultural technology has been greatly increasing. In many of the nations where the production has increased, the development of AI has been a critical help in substantially increasing the agricultural productivity and production (Jha et al., 2019). This is evidenced in several literary papers. Comment by Author: What do you mean by this? What team? Comment by Author: delete

The growth of agricultural technology as a field provides great opportunities for emerging and low economy countries that are struggling to improve their agricultural production. Thus, the theoretical framework will focus on exploring the use of technology, particularly AI technology in the global agricultural field. While exploring the opportunities for AI-induced agriculture in emerging countries, it is important to understand the different types of AI technology that are being used in agriculture (Jha et al., 2019). With the aid of literary papers, we can learn that there are several different types of AI systems including machine learning algorithms, deep learning, and computer vision for increasing agricultural productivity and economic growth. A variety of AI systems are being tested and used in today's agro-industry and, as such, the concept of using AI-enhanced agriculture is a field that has great potential and the use of the field as a solution to poverty alleviation and other environmental problems will be explored further in the future (Jha et al., 2019). Comment by Author: At this point, you’ve mentioned the use of AI, but I’ll suggest being a little bit more specific to highlight the types, or a sample of such products.

Farmers in many countries have started to use predictive analysis and precision farming techniques with the help of the aforementioned AI technology. It is important to understand that precision farming has started increase in popularity, and has held the largest market size in 2019. The use of precision farming and predictive analysis has resulted in high crop yield and lower food costs in several developed countries (Karnawat et al., 2020). The dissertation will focus on using peer-analyzed literary resources to evidence the same and add further proof that supports AI-induced agriculture. While some emerging countries like India, China and Brazil has started to adopt AI agriculture systems, the use of AI technologies in agriculture has still not an integral part in several emerging countries. There are two primary challenges that is responsible for this drawback, namely the lack of ability to automate traditional agricultural processes, and the lack of awareness about AI agriculture. These factors prove to be the main internal factors that have hindered the penetration of AI agriculture in emerging and low economy countries (Karnawat et al., 2020). Comment by Author: To increase Comment by Author: yields Comment by Author: have Comment by Author: are

In addition to challenges that threaten the AI agriculture framework, there are also several external factors that hinder the adoption of AI in the agricultural model of some developing countries. It is important to understand that each country has a unique climate and environment, and follow different agricultural frameworks to maximize agricultural production (Karnawat et al., 2020). Therefore, AI systems need to accommodate external factors, and also accommodate local cultures and languages. For example, the monsoons in countries like India and the dry & hot climate in countries like Africa will prove challenging for the induction of AI agriculture frameworks. Each emerging country might have the need for different AI applications for specific agricultural needs. Therefore, there is more work and research required to determine the best and most efficient solutions in each specific scenario (Karnawat et al., 2020). Comment by Author: So are you saing then that AI can only be used under certain conditions, or do they need to be modified and tailored for each particular? Please clarify this. Comment by Author: See the note above and clarify exactly what you mean to say here.

As AI continues to grow at a rapid pace and become important in agricultural production, it is crucial that the agronomic applications become well supported, well understood and supported in the AI agriculture framework. Countries with low economy needs to implement superior AI agriculture systems that can be implemented as efficient and quick as possible with a focus on supporting local food production and local culture (El-Gayar & Ofori, 2020). The main goal of the theoretical framework is analyzing the theoretical and practical applications of several AI technology that is applicable for increased agricultural production. By using the methodology from the perspective of AI agriculture, the dissertation aims to identify several relevant features that will allow agronomic applications to be implemented using the most advanced technologies available in AI agricultural systems. This will be supported by the global AI agriculture data that is collected through the literary research of several peer-reviewed literary sources (El-Gayar & Ofori, 2020). Comment by Author: comma Comment by Author: need. Please pay attention to your verb usage

 

Researcher’s Positionality

The topic that was used for this dissertation is influenced by my passion for increasing agriculture production in developing countries. The research is conducted primarily using document analysis as the main data collection methodology. The research is conducted with the support of Judson University and the research methodologies are based on qualitative research. The main participants of the research are agricultural AI technicians and agricultural farmers from several countries (El-Gayar & Ofori, 2020). The research will not be directly focused on understanding the opinions through interviews, and rather use document analysis and other indirect methods to quantify the use of AI technology in agriculture and determine the efficient technology that could help some of the emerging technology improve their agricultural production (El-Gayar & Ofori, 2020). Comment by Author: But you haven’t conducted the research yet… you are about to, so the verb tense should be future. Consider that C3 is the more detailed re-hashing of what you intend to do for this research. The positionality piece should be an examination of how your beliefs, personal experiences, and philosophy impact possible biases for this work.

 

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to learn the opportunities for integrating AI technologies to improve the agricultural production of various emerging countries and countries of lower economy (Araújo et al., 2021). The dissertation uses literary research and document analysis to explore the various methods of AI technology used in global agriculture and understanding the challenges in emulating the same. The relationship between AI-based agricultural framework and the various internal and external factors will provide the desired result, which is understanding the appropriate AI technology necessary for the increase in agricultural production (Araújo et al., 2021).

 

Research Question(s)

The global agricultural development is gradually changing and the integration of AI technology in agriculture has helped several countries improve their agricultural production. However, the popularity of agriculture has gradually declined in emerging countries and countries with lower economies (Araújo et al., 2021). The decrease in the production and popularity of agriculture in emerging countries is due to several important factors ranging from increased modernization to decrease in groundwater. The lack of a young agricultural workforce is one of the main factors that has hindered the increase of agricultural production in these countries (Araújo et al., 2021). Comment by Author: delete Comment by Author: This is repetitious. Edit so that it is not as obvious.

Moreover, these countries also face a further decrease in agricultural production due to the gradual loss of agricultural land. Therefore, emerging countries need to revolutionize agricultural frameworks to increase agricultural production and improve their economic standards (Araújo et al., 2021). This can be done through the induction of AI technology in agricultural frameworks as this has been a proven method in several developed countries. This dissertation is focused on the integration of AI technology into agricultural processes in emerging countries. Therefore, it looks to answer some important research questions that would help develop a method of AI integration (Araújo et al., 2021).

 

R1: Will AI technology help emerging countries and countries with lower economies improve the popularity and production of their agricultural processes?

R2: Which AI technology will help emerging countries improve their agricultural production?

R3: Since these countries have an older farmer population, what type of training and processes are necessary for hastening the integration process?

R4: What are the internal and external challenges of integrating AI systems in the agricultural processes of emerging countries?

R5: What long-term changes in the agricultural framework is necessary to ensure long-term economic growth? Comment by Author: Limit your RQs to 3 maximum. Please revise. I beleive 5 RQs is too much. Be sure these are not questions that have yes/no answers (like #1), Merge some of the questiosna nd re-structure all to make sure you dontl have more than 3, and then that they are deeper level questions that can be adequately investigated.

 

Significance

The importance for agricultural revolution has been the topic of several studies, especially in the recent times where several countries are facing economic crises. There has also been significant research into the use of AI tools and technology in global agriculture and its positive effects on the same (Tzachor, 2021). However, there is much to be explored on the integration of AI technology into the agricultural processes of emerging countries. Since agriculture is gradually declining in popularity in several emerging countries, this is an important avenue for research. This will help emerging countries revolutionize their agricultural processes and future-proof their agricultural frameworks (Tzachor, 2021). Comment by Author: of Comment by Author: delete

Using literary documents on AI integration on global agriculture, the reasons for agricultural production decline in emerging countries, and the opportunities and challenges present in integrating different types of AI technology, the dissertation will focus on understanding the best way to create AI-induced agricultural processes in emerging countries. The dissertation will use document analysis as the main data collection methodology and conduct a thematic analysis on the data collected from the research studies (Tzachor, 2021). This thematic analysis will be focused on the use of different types of AI technology and the external factors of several emerging countries like weather, local population, culture, etc. This will help us find the best technology that can be used to improve agricultural production based on an emerging country’s external factors (Tzachor, 2021). Comment by Author: in

 

Definition of Terms

i. AI-induced Agriculture – An agricultural framework that is based on the use of Artificial Intelligence.

ii. Machine Learning – Machine Learning is a type of Artificial Intelligence that is based on the idea that systems can learn from data, identify patterns and learn to make decisions with limited human intervention.

iii. Deep Learning – Deep Learning is a category of Machine Learning that uses the human brain as a model for processing data. Through Deep Learning, machines can process complex data without human intervention (Tzachor, 2021).

iv. Computer Vision – Computer Vision is a type of Artificial Intelligence that trains computers to understand and interpret the visual world using digital cameras, videos and other deep learning modules.

v. Precision Agriculture – Precision Agriculture is an agricultural management concept that uses technology to observe, measure and respond to various inter-field and intra-field variables to increase crop yields and agricultural profitability.

vi. Predictive Analysis – Predictive Analysis is a branch of advanced analytics that to analyzes current data using various methods like data mining, statistics, etc., to make future predictions (Tzachor, 2021).

 

Summary

Agriculture has been declining in popularity in emerging countries. In a time when most of the developed countries are using AI to increase agricultural production, there is no clear indication of the same happening in various emerging and low economy countries. Thus, this dissertation was created to understand how agricultural processes in emerging countries can be improved through AI technology. Through literary review and document analysis, the dissertation aims at understanding the best AI technology that needs to be used to improve agricultural production in emerging countries. This is also the main research question that the dissertation aims to answer. The dissertation will also explore the various challenges that will hinder the integration of AI technology in the agricultural processes of emerging countries. Through the dissertation, the researcher aims at increasing the agricultural production and the economy of emerging and low-economy countries. This is the main goal of the thesis. Comment by Author: Great start. Consider using more peer reviewed resources. Please pay attention to grammar and verb tense issues. Note that the comments are non-exhaustive, they serve to indicate the types of issues I need you to play close attention to.