PDCA Final Paper Darelys Valdes, Milena Hernandez, Monica Gallo, Yoelvys Rojas, Sheyla Ruiz, Yahilse Labrada, Marylaura Mieres, and Nayla Furquet School of Nursing

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PDCA Final Paper

Darelys Valdes, Milena Hernandez, Monica Gallo, Yoelvys Rojas, Sheyla Ruiz, Yahilse Labrada, Marylaura Mieres, and Nayla Furquet

School of Nursing. Miami Regional University

NUR4400: Quality and Safety in Healthcare

Dr. Julio A. Garcia, FNP, MSN, MD

 

Quality and Safety in Healthcare

Quality improvement initiatives in healthcare settings

One of the most important initiatives in quality improvement in healthcare settings is focusing on the use of data. Data is a pillar of QI. It describes how well present systems work; what occurs when modifications are made and how good performance is documented. The use of data divides what is supposed to happen from what happens, creates a basis, limits placement of ineffective solutions, and allows procedural changes to be monitored to verify that improvements continue (World Health Organization, 2018). In QI initiatives, quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques are useful. Quantitative approaches involve the utilization of factual information through numbers and patterns. This type of data is scientifically straightforward to assess and is known to health specialists. Examples in the field of healthcare are: find an averaged lab value, calculate the patterns of prompt access and calculate the proportions of patients receiving adequate health screenings.

Qualitative approaches collect descriptive data, not numerical values that generate statistical judgments. Qualitative data can be observed but cannot be measured and provide critical data on trends, systems connections and are typically used to provide the necessary improvements in the setting. Common approaches to data collection in a health care environment are patient and employee satisfaction surveys, focus collective talks, and impartial observations. An institution of healthcare must include extensive data from several sources like clinical records, practice management systems, satisfaction surveys, external health assessments, and others. The systematic and methodical focus of existing data enables an institution to analyze its present system, discover chances to improve, and track performance in the long run. If a business wishes to focus on its QI program with particular data, defined performance measures are one option. Because performance measures have certain conditions that precisely describe the data required for each measuring, they target the data to be gathered and monitored from the other data accessible to an institution. 

The second initiative is having a balanced team of clinicians. Individuals from various backgrounds with distinct abilities and experiences should make an effective team (World Health Organization, 2018). As per the IHI, a solid team is one of the first steps in the process of quality improvement. The team should contain an executive leader who can advise, supervise, and speak for the group, a medical expert who has the requisite background to make informed clinical judgments, and a program manager who can carry out daily activities and monitor the team.

Informatics in healthcare

The transformation in medical information is upon the health sector. Electronic health data, diagnoses, and treatment plans are more accessible than ever to physicians. Medical knowledge sharing systems facilitate the management, coordination, and improvement of patient outcomes in the healthcare sector (HITC Staff, 2016). Integrating systems and access to data and information means that information and analysis are more important than ever before. Care informaticists are more focused on the best approach to achieve good patient performance — the entire case and best practices are implemented to maximize care delivery where applicable. In consequence, nursing information scientists regularly participate in process design, healthcare delivery assessments, and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic programs. They consider many possibilities for care and use objective data and analysis to identify the steps leading to the patient-focused, value-based treatment. Data and information are the lifeblood of informatics nursing. This can be used to measure the effectiveness of the numerous protocols, techniques, and practices utilized in a healthcare organization. An informaticist measures and analyzes how certain elements of the organization, with an emphasis on the results. They can then modify certain portions of the process to streamline tasks, prevent obstacles and improve patient care. Information scientists will notice the outcomes and continue to make modifications to improve every aspect of the clinical treatment process.

Evidence-based practices

Evidence-based practice assists practitioners give patients the best possible treatment and care. This is another reason why continuous education in nursing is so vital. The first evidence-based approach is Pharmacist-led Medication Therapy Management. The evidence is a contemporary initiative to enhance outcomes for patients and lower costs, where Allina Health used its analytical system to illustrate the influence of their MTM on decreasing healthcare costs. The Health System originally contemplated extending the participation of clinicians performing (MTM) to a given group of clients insured by a joint threat agreement with the aim of minimizing drug-related adverse events. The system intended to display the unique impact that clinicians had on overall care before making up the mind and drafting an extensive strategic plan. It used its analytical program as well as professional Health Catalyst services (HCS) in conducting a full evaluation. The second evidence-based approach is the New Generation Activity-Based Costing. This second evidence of an improvement in clinical quality initiative addresses a well-known problem in medical institutions. Septicemia is a major mortality cause in the United States. Up to half of all facility, fatalities are estimated to be due to sepsis. The early identification of septic sepsis may be hard as a non-specific illness that delays notice, diagnosis, and treatment, all of which raise death rates (The Impact of Evidence-Based Practice on Quality Care and Patient Safety, 2021).

The impact culture, gender, and age

Almost every area of life from relationships to eating is affected by cultural variations. Cultural variations can also influence family decision-making in the field of healthcare. All societies have evolved beliefs systems that explain the source of the disease, how the disease can be cured or treated, and who should participate in the healthcare process (Do Cultural Differences Influence Care Decisions?, 2017). In other terms, every culture believes in health, sickness, therapy, and healthcare professionals. In medical contacts, culture plays an important influence. It impacts how, for instance, a person views a disease or therapy and how a doctor should manage an elderly patient. Culture can also influence the process of judgment. Cultural ideas can influence the way an individual seeks assistance as well as who, how they handle self-care, they choose health, and how they can react to the specific treatment. Intercultural questions have a vital role in adherence which is the desire of a person to comply with the instructions of the doctor. Culture impacts healthcare services at all levels, particularly physician and nursing contacts and interactions, health inequalities, clinical outcomes, and even disease experiences (Do Cultural Differences Influence Care Decisions?, 2017). Individuals in certain cultures think that diseases are the will of God and hence become hesitant in obtaining medical attention.

The country's growing diversity offers healthcare professionals, health systems, and policy-makers possibilities and difficulties for creating and delivering culturally appropriate services. Cultural skills are described as the capacity of practitioners and institutions to provide medical services successfully meeting clients' cultural and social demands. A health care system that is competent in terms of diversity can help improve health, service quality, as well as help remove racial and ethnic differences in health. Examples of initiatives for moving the healthcare system towards this aim include offering relevant training to health professionals on diversity skills and cultural issues at the same time developing regulations, which eliminate management and language obstacles to proper care. Whereas many persons in culture have shared beliefs, behaviors, and organizations, there can be numerous differences amongst people. Hispanics from different nations have a strong religious and family background, yet the cultural customs and beliefs of each subset of the Hispanic community may be their own. Language, family responsibilities, religiousness, defining disease as well as the usage of healing and treatment can be uniquely used by sub-groups.

Interdisciplinary members

The multidisciplinary method includes team members from diverse disciplines working together to create objectives; take decisions and share resources and duties for a common goal (Interdisciplinary approach to caring for older people in hospital fact sheet, 2021). A team of professionals from several disciplines and patients conducts evaluations, diagnoses, interventions, the establishment of goals, as well as the developing treatment strategy. The clients, caregivers, as well as family participate in all talks concerning their illness, diagnosis, and care plan. Leadership is one of the most important elements in interdisciplinary. Leaders are important in promoting a good working atmosphere. physicians must make sure that they provide the necessary care is given to the patients. It is the role of the hospital case manager to evaluate the clients' hospital needs and available resources. Once the needs have been established, the case manager will coordinate references to the local community provider. Dieticians on the other hand translate studies related to health and food into guidance that is practical.