The newest class of diabetes drug to hit the market are Sglt2 inhibitors (brand name Pharxiga).

4c) How does inhibition of Sglt2 help lower blood sugar?

Answer

The incretin effect is targeted by not one but two classes of diabetes drugs. They both target the mechanism by which endogenous (produced by our own L cells) GLP-1 is degraded. Endogenous GLP-1 is short lived; a molecule of GLP-1 in our blood circulates for about 6 minutes.

4d) Why is GLP-1 so short lived?

Answer

How does inhibition of Sglt2 help lower blood sugar?

SGLT2 is one of the novel class of medicines, which have anti-hyperglycaemic characteristic and are being used to treat patients suffering with type2 Diabetes. Their effective action towards Type2 Diabetes has proven to be a great source of mitigating the challenge of type2 Diabetes and available to patients as an intriguing option, even for type-I Diabetes. SGLT2 inhibitor lowers the blood glucose level in such a way that it reduces the renal tubular glucose reabsorption, which helps yo reduce the sugar level without stimulating insulin production. Additionally, evidences have been gathered that this inhibitor helps to regulate blood pressure vis-a-vis body's weight as well.

Why is GLP-1 so short lived?

The incretin effect is targeted by not one but two classes of diabetes drugs. They both target the mechanism by which endogenous (produced by our own L cells) GLP-1 is degraded. Endogenous GLP-1 is short lived; a molecule of GLP-1 in our blood circulates for about 6 minutes. However, in many studies, it has been shown that the GLP-1 has a life less than two minutes. And the abrupt cleavage produced due to Dipeptidyl peptidase4 is the main cause behind its short life.