There are several types of fallacies: equivocation, false authority, ad hominem, appeal to ignorance, and bandwagon.

• Please provide two different examples of advertising that show any of these topics.
• Which of these fallacies is used in each advertisement? Why do you think the advertisers used that fallacy in the ad? Did the advertisers use the fallacy effectively?
• If you were an advertiser, what would you have done differently to better use the fallacy?

 

Answer:

1.

Please provide two different examples of advertising that show any of these topics.

Let us consider two examples of the implication of fallacies in the media.
Example one: A person in media attacking a certain Politian A whose views of sexuality are different from the common citizens' views, like supporting the LGBT community. The media personality may attack Politian A so as to make people perceive that his/her opponent is better. This way, the media personality will be promoting Politian B.  
Example two: In advertising a product, the media can improvise a phrase like, "Everyone uses this product! Why not you?". Or in a situation where the advertiser says, "Everyone is getting a new smartphone this week, grab yours today."

2.

Which of these fallacies is used in each advertisement? Why do you think the advertisers used that fallacy in the ad? Did the advertisers use the fallacy effectively?

In example one, ad hominem has been used for advertising Politian B. Ad Hominem usually attacks the other person and not the issue. In this example, I think the advertiser used this fallacy to attack the politician to change the voter's probable good perception of the attack. This way, they are giving politician B an upper hand of winning by suppressing politician A. I don't think the advertiser has effectively used the fallacy. People do have minds and rationale. A rational common person can detect the fallacy directly and may end up hating politician B instead. Also, persons in the LGBT community and those who support the community will probably go for Politician A despite the critiques.

In example two, the advertiser has used the bandwagon fallacy. This fallacy is also called an appeal to the masses. It is all about making people think that since everyone else is doing something, or since everyone thinks about something, it is the right thing to follow. In this case, the advertiser wants people to buy a product by imprinting a perception in their head that everyone is buying their product. The advertiser has improvised this fallacy well since most times, and people always follow the common opinion. 

3.

If you were an advertiser, what would you have done differently to better use the fallacy?

If I were an advertiser, for the first example, to implement the ad hominem, instead of choosing a controversial topic like LGBT to attack politician A, I would have searched for any scenario where Politian A had ever talked rudely in public and choose that to attack him/her that I will have support from all angles of the matter.

References

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/logic_in_argumentative_writing/fallacies.html#:~:text=Fallacies%20are%20common%20errors%20in,evidence%20that%20supports%20their%20claim.

https://www.pinterest.com/kgparker4097/fallacies-in-advertising/