Scenario: Ek, Friesen, and Scherer ( 1970) tested whether lying influenced one's voice quality. Participants were randomly assigned to view either a pleasant film or an unpleasant film, but all of the participants were asked to describe the film they saw a being pleasant. ( thus, the subjects who watched the unpleasant film has to lie about what they saw ) An analysis of voice quality showed that participants used significantly highly voices when they were describing the unpleasant film rather than the pleasant film. Why cant the authors conclude that lying produced differences in voice quality?

determine the possible confounding variable(s) (there may be more than one), and consider how they might be eliminated using research designs presented in the readings (e.g., 2x2 factorial design).

pur-new-sol

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