Google Scholar to search for scholarly articles concerning some malware incident or application, and the digital forensics solutions. In order to receive full credit for this assignment, you must summarize the article and state your opinion of what occurred and what could steps could had been done differently if any. 

Please, summarize the article and answer the following questions, or others, as applicable: 

• Do you agree with the article's position, approaches, and authors? Why, or why not? 
• What could had been done if anything that could improve on the incident? 
• What should had been done?
• Was proper procedure used in your opinion?
• Could you include anything else concerning the article?

 

Impact of Covid-19 on Pregnant Women

The covid-19 pandemic is a global pandemic that has ravaged the world since late 2019. It is a respiratory viral disease that affects the lungs and the respiratory system (Dashraath et al., 2020). The disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose in small liquid particles when they cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or breathe. These particles range from larger respiratory droplets to smaller aerosols (Yam et al., 2020). This pandemic has come with many negative effects in the economic and political sectors and the health sector. However, this paper deals with the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic during pregnancy or on pregnant women. This is going to be handled in four distinctive areas.

Effect of Covid19 on Women During the Antepartum Period

The antepartum period refers to that period before birth or parturition. This essentially means that it involves the time between conception and giving birth. During this period, there are various effects associated with Covid-19 that pregnant women experience. First, pregnant women infected with Covid-19 are more likely to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, and they may need respiratory support ( Wu et al., 2021). This is in contrast to their counterparts of the same age, who may contract the virus while not pregnant (Wu et al., 2021). This, therefore, means that the virus has accelerated effects on pregnant women.

Additionally, pregnant mothers are likely to give birth prematurely as a result of the Covid-19 effects. This means that they are, on most occasions, likely to be subjected to instances of bearing children before the required nine months gestation period (Wastnedge et al., 2021). Therefore, it turns out that such instances cause mental health issues to the mother and lead to unprecedented suffering for the infant or infants. Some even end up dead as a result of the same.

There is also the likelihood of mother-to-child transmission of the SARS-COV-2 virus. Mother-to-child transmission, though rare, has been reported on various occasions, especially by the World Health Organization (Vasylyeva, 2020). This has been shown to cause increased stress and anxiety in expectant mothers. Consequently, such anxiety could be the cause of stillbirth among such expectant or pregnant mothers (Vasylyeva, 2020).

Effect of Covid19 on Laboring Women and Care Providers During the Intrapartum Period

Another effect of the Covid-19 pandemic has to do with laboring women as well as care providers. Care providers are those individuals in the frontline to provide the necessary care to pregnant mothers when giving birth or while attending prenatal clinics (Male, 2020). Such people include nurses as well as doctors. One of the effects is that caregivers run a risk of contracting the virus in the line of duty, especially from infected mothers (Craig, 2020). This, therefore, means most of the caregivers who survive only do this not only by grace but also through the necessary measures of prevention.

Consequently, various methods care providers can adopt as a way of precaution to prevent transmission of the disease. One of the methods is the Covid-19 vaccination, which has been proved to be of about 90% effectiveness (Davis-Floyd, 2021). This will play a major role in ensuring that the caregivers are protected from the virus even after contact while providing care to pregnant women. Additionally, such people also need to be provided with the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment necessary for their protection while on duty (Davis-Floyd, 2021). This serves as an effective method of preventing Covid-19 and shows that the states and the federal government care about the well-being of the caregivers on the frontline.

Effect of Covid19 on Newborns Whose Mothers Were Positive for Covid-19

The effects of the virus on newborn children whose mothers were positive for Covid-19 have also been seen in various cases, especially in the United States. Such effects include the child been born prematurely. As discussed above, one of the effects of the virus pertains to pregnant women giving birth to premature babies (Wu et al., 2021). Such babies go through unprecedented suffering as most of them require assistance by being kept in incubators to reach the required nine months. The health department has also shown that most of these children do not survive this period (Wu et al., 2021). Those who survive are usually forced to live with underlying conditions such as asthma and other respiration-related issues.

Further, such children could also be subjected to infection by their mothers during the subsistence of the pregnancy (Kadir, 2021). This, therefore, means that there is a huge possibility of such children being born with the virus. This could be for the reason that their immune systems are still immature, making them more likely to develop breathing issues with respiratory virus infections. Therefore, it is imperative that lactating mothers wear a standard facemask, especially ones made from cloth, and have clean hands after giving birth and when taking care of the child (Dashraath et al., 2020). This is going to not only save the child’s life but also prevent their suffering by not exposing them to the virus.

Moreover, the lactating mother or the caregiver must clean and disinfect the surfaces that the child is likely to come into contact with (Rasmussen et al., 2021). Such surfaces include tables, door handles as well as sinks. This would prevent them from coming into contact with the virus and subsequently transmitting the same to the newborn child (Rasmussen et al., 2021). Therefore, from the foregoing, it is right to assert that newborn children, just like any other vulnerable persons, run a higher risk of contracting the virus because of their weak immune systems, hence the need to be taken care of cautiously.

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Levels of Prevention in Maternity Patients

Primary prevention involves taking steps to prevent themselves from contracting the disease. This can be done in various ways for maternity patients, one of them being the use of face masks (Kadir 2021). This prevents the inhaling of particles laced with the virus. Additionally, it can also be done by taking the Covid -19 vaccination. On the other hand, secondary prevention requires that one takes steps to detect a disease early and prevent it from getting worse. Now, maternity patients or pregnant women need to make sure that they get tested for the virus in terms of secondary prevention (Vasylyeva, 2020). If found positive, take the necessary treatment measures to ensure that the disease does not get out of hand. These may also include the home care methods for the prevention of the virus from spreading. Finally, tertiary prevention involves improving your quality of life and reducing the symptoms of a disease you already have (Davis-Floyd, 2021). This means that the maternity patient already has the virus and therefore needs to reduce the symptoms and probably get rid of them altogether. For Covid-19, tertiary prevention pertains to seeking strategies to treat and rehabilitate those with the disease (Liu, 2021). This involves contact tracing for identification and containment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, therefore, although the pandemic has brought various effects in the health sector and, more especially to pregnant mothers, this virus can be mitigated. This can be done by taking the necessary preventive measures such as vaccination and face masks. Additionally, the various prevention methods, that is, primary, secondary and tertiary measures of prevention, need to be put in place to control the spread of Covid-19.

Impact of Covid-19 on Pregnant Women

1. Introduction
2. Effect of Covid19 on Women During the Antepartum Period
3. Effect of Covid19 on Laboring Women and Care Providers During the Intrapartum Period
4. Effect of Covid19 on Newborns Whose Mothers Were Positive for Covid-19
5. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Levels of Prevention in Maternity Patients
6. Conclusion

Malware Attacks

In their journal, Yadav & Reddy (2019) indicates that most people have mobile phones, preferably a smartphone where everything available on the web can be accessed, replacing the use of computers for small things. At an early age, people used mobile phones for communication. Still, with an increase in technology, mobile phones are a net worthy achievement in technology as they are used for cameras, play station, and bank transactions, making it vulnerable as it contains sensitive information (Yadav & Reddy, 2019). Therefore, it is crucial to secure the device and its data as simple recklessness can result in security attacks. Through mobile phones, one can transfer data via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi and use GPS to locate any place in the world. With so many operating systems for smartphones which all have different characteristics, the Android operating system developed by Google is the commonly used operating system in smartphones. However, mobile phones have security risks due to their internet connectivity and functioning. Cyber-attacks have become more common on mobile devices due to misuse of applications mainly caused by mobile malware, leading to data breaches (Yadav, & Reddy, 2019).

As noted by Cimitile, Martinelli, Mercaldo, Nardone, Santone, & Vaglini, (2017), in 2020, at least one person downloaded a lousy mobile application causing harm to their phones.  The first malware attack happened in 2004, which was done via multimedia messages, Bluetooth, and short message services which have increased ever since till today (Cimitile et al., 2017). I agree with the articles position and authors as a way of curbing mobile attacks, which affects mobile users and organizations. Most people connect their devices to the computers at the workplace, transferring the infected URLs, and more than 50% of the business PCs are mobiles.

Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp were among the major vulnerable applications and the most popular social applications. While mobile phones are at risk of various malware attacks, various security measures can avoid them. People should use the virtual private network while using public Wi-Fi to transfer data. Most public Wi-Fi contains many viruses that can corrupt the mobile phone and computers at the workplace, causing a lot of harm (Yadav & Reddy, 2019). Using legitimate sources to download applications is another way of improving the incident. There are so many sources on the internet which some are not legit as many of them carry viruses, and others are attackers waiting to steal all the information from the mobile phone.

Encrypting data in the mobile phone ensures the security of vulnerable information even if malware steals it, they cannot use it for unwanted purposes. Regular mobile software updates help fix any potential vulnerability. Sometimes we never know when we get viruses as we spend most of our time in highly targeted social applications, so updating our phone now and again will help us detect any threat before it gets far. Nonetheless, there are so many mobile security software's which detects any danger in the phone, and some even update themselves automatically without you noticing (Yadav, & Reddy, 2019). It's time people start considering their mobile phones the same way they consider their computers as cybercriminals are constantly looking for new ways to attack victims' devices; hence, mobile phones are used as minicomputers where we store a lot of sensitive information data like banking details, and emails.

Android OS should have created a well-organized and deep defense mechanism that uncovered mobile malware attacks based on their investigation techniques, data acquisition, working platform, and operational impact as the leading mobile operating system. They should also have presented the loopholes to locate the widespread effects of attacks on communities to fight malware attacks to reduce the impact. Various evasion techniques that malware authors use to hinder detection efforts should have been analyzed to help customers detect any attack before it happens (Qamar, Karim, & Chang, 2019).  In my opinion, I can say that Android used the best procedure to fight malware attacks by choosing the most vulnerable API calls to help identify malware applications that are the risky group, the ambiguous group, and the disruptive group.

Malware requests dangerous permission to access sensitive data in the phone by using malicious applications raised by a different set of API calls. Based on the Android empirical results, their proposed method of fighting malware is highly effective, which defends mobile phones against malware, viruses, botnets, and intrusion attacks. In my opinion, all mobile operating systems should include attack detection applications that automatically update themselves, which will help all customers, including those in remote areas, by protecting them from any mobile-related attacks.