Module 4: The Writing Workshop Module 4: The Writing Workshop In this module, you will learn about how to integrate sources properly and avoid plagiarism

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Module 4: The Writing Workshop Module 4: The Writing Workshop In this module, you will learn about how to integrate sources properly and avoid plagiarism. You'll also turn your focus toward giving and receiving written feedback and take part in a Peer Workshop. 4-1 Reading: Source Integration Reading: Source Integration When you begin drafting your paper, you will be using information from your sources as evidence to support your points. However, there are multiple ways to integrate that information into your writing, and some of those methods are more appropriate than others in particular circumstances. In what follows, we'll discuss methods of source integration including quotation and summary. Guidelines for Quotations When you quote a source, you use the exact words and phrases your source used to convey information. Plagiarism occurs when quotes are not attributed to the appropriate sources, so it is important that you keep careful notes so that you don't unintentionally represent someone else's work or ideas as your own. Overquotating can also be problematic. This happens when writers rely too heavily on quotations. Overquoting can result in stilted writing where the author contributes too little. Ultimately, you will want to balance quotations with summaries. The following graphic reviews tips for successfully integrating quotation into your writing. Copyright © 2021 MindEdge Inc. All rights reserved. Duplication prohibited. Introduction to Summarizing: Why Summarize? Students are often tempted to draw quotations from their research sources to support points they want to make. Well-chosen quotations from respected authorities can indeed be valuable evidence; however, too many quotations break up the flow of your writing, so you should use them only when the phrasing is unique, memorable, or particularly powerful. You should aim to present most of your evidence through summary, and this will require you to rewrite the author's content in your own words. When you take notes from your reading, it's a good idea to use your own vocabulary and phrasing to record information. (Remember to document a source with all the information you will need to cite it so that you don't confuse your ideas with the ideas of others!) This practice has a few benefits: You will better understand the content because recording it in your own words ensures that you process the information in the source when you read it. You will be less tempted to use the source as a quotation. Your notes will be shorter because you can rephrase just the main points that the source's author is making. You will avoid inadvertently using the author's words without quotation marks or without citing the source, which is plagiarism. Remember that even paraphrases need to be followed by in-text citations that cite author, publication date, and page number or other specific look-up information. Copyright © 2021 MindEdge Inc. All rights reserved. Duplication prohibited. If you find a short passage particularly striking and think you may want to quote it, write it in your notes exactly as stated in the text, being careful to use quotation marks and note the citation. Why Summarize Rather Than Use a Quotation? Research writing asks that the writer's voice speak through the research. Relying too heavily on the original words of source authors (as inexperienced writers do when they rely too heavily on direct quotations) would compromise the effectiveness of the research writer's own research paper. Good writers choose their words carefully. As a research writer, it's your job to figure out how to use the ideas of authors for your own purposes and for your audience. When you summarize, you identify the ideas that are most relevant and important to your project and rewrite other authors' ideas in your own words, emphasizing those points. Paraphrasing also gives you an opportunity to untangle the language of a passage if it is likely to be too confusing to your reader as a quotation taken out of the context of its surrounding paragraphs or if it contains jargon that you need to explain to your reader. As a result, paraphrases can sometimes be longer than the passages they are paraphrased from. You should only use quotations when there is no other way to communicate the content of the original source into your writing, or when you want to maintain the author's tone and emotion. How to Write a Summary Your summary should cover the same ground as the original passage, but it should not contain any direct quotations, and you should make sure that your summary doesn't have any language too close to the source language. Unknowing plagiarism (and sometimes knowing plagiarism) occurs when summaries are phrased too closely to source materials, so be sure that your phrasing is sufficiently different. Even though you can change the emphasis of the original writing, you cannot add to or change the meaning! You should not mix your own ideas with your summary. A good summary will make the following information clear to the reader: Where you found the source. The fact that you are summarizing a source rather than presenting your own ideas or opinions: an author may find it effective to alert the reader that they are summarizing by using a lead-in phrase such as, "According to Smith . . . ," though this is only one strategy for effective summarizing. Steps for Writing a Summary 1. Use your active reading skills to read through two paragraphs of the original source until you fully understand what the author means. 2. Set aside the original source and write what you remember on a note card or on your computer without referring to the original. 3. Now compare your summary with the original paragraphs. Make sure that you included all the same ideas but didn't use language or sentence structure that is too similar to that of the original. 4. If your summary contains unique terms or phrases from the original that cannot be rephrased without losing meaning, use quotation marks to denote the borrowed language. Note: this should never be more than a word or short phrase. For example: If your source has used or coined a unique word or phrase with specific meaning such as "deep ecology" or "ecopsychology" use quotation marks to denote this language from the source. 5. Cite your source. You will learn to create proper citations in Module 6, but for now just be sure to note what source your are summarizing and the corresponding pages and sections of that source. Synthesis In your paper, you will be synthesizing information from many sources in order to support your project. Synthesis goes beyond just summarizing your source—you will need to evaluate it as well. In order to evaluate the source, you will need to answer questions about the value of the source—weaknesses, strengths, or oversights in the content. Though the term synthesis may scare you if you haven't heard it before, you synthesize information in the world all the time. You form opinions about movies, musicians, fashion, and restaurants based on your own experience with them but also based on what your friends or family might say to you or based on what you read on the Internet about these topics. Compare the following summary, or fact-based, statements to their correlated synthesis statements. Remember that these examples are based on everyday topics and examples. Personal opinion about restaurants or movie topics would not be Copyright © 2021 MindEdge Inc. All rights reserved. Duplication prohibited. acceptable in your research paper. Black Swan Summary (Fact-Based) Natalie Portman underwent extensive ballet training to prepare for her role in the movie Black Swan. Black Swan portrayed the ways in which the dance world demands physical and personal sacrifice of the dancers. Many scenes in Black Swan portrayed sex, violence, and abuse. Synthesis (Evaluation/Informed Opinion Based on Facts) The movie Black Swan offered its viewers a fascinating behind-the-scenes look at the cut-throat world of dance. Natalie Portman's preparation for the role is a marvel in itself, and the plot shows how dancers have to sacrifice physically and personally for success. The movie may not be appropriate for some, however, because many of the scenes were quite disturbing. East Coast Grill Summary (Fact-Based) The restaurant East Coast Grill only sells fish that have been caught that day. The service at East Coast Grill is accommodating—if a customer doesn't like her food, the restaurant will send out another dish for free. The atmosphere is bright and noisy with people talking and laughing. Synthesis (Evaluation/Informed Opinion Based on Facts) East Coast Grill is a fantastic restaurant. The food is fresh, the staff is courteous, and people can go there to have fun without worrying that they are going to interrupt couples trying to have a romantic dinner. 4-2 Reading: The PIE Method The PIE Method At times it can be difficult to know what information from your sources to include in your paper. The PIE method can help you make decisions about how to structure your writing to make sure you are providing enough evidence at the appropriate times. The following graphic describes the PIE method of paragraph formatting. Copyright © 2021 MindEdge Inc. All rights reserved. Duplication prohibited. The following sample paragraph is constructed according to the PIE method and includes an integrated quotation. In "Examining the Business Impact of Owner Commitment to Sustainability," Beheiry et al. explain This first sentence identifies the topic that the rest of the paragraph will be about: the findings of an experiment. The article's name is cited in the sentence, along with the names of the authors of publication. Subsequent citations will most likely not include the title again. that their experiment suggested that companies that were more committed to all three pillars of sustainable business practices —social development, environmental sustainability, and economic development—were more likely to see projects coming in under budget and on schedule. The authors claim that this is important because, as they write, Every time you incorporate a source, you should include an introductory phrase that includes an introductory word (here, that word is claim). Remember that the introductory phrase should usually be followed by a comma. "the historical tendency Quotations should be surrounded by quotation marks. If the quotation ends in an exclamation point or a question mark, put that punctuation right before the closing quotation mark. Commas and periods aren't placed at the end of the quotation. Copyright © 2021 MindEdge Inc. All rights reserved. Duplication prohibited. They are placed at the end of the citation. [sustainable development] to focus on environmental sustainability overaligned SD Information added by the writer (for instance, this information, which explains the acronym SD) can be written in brackets business executives" (Beheiry et al. 384) , with the green movement and alienated the If you didn't cite the author or authors' names in the phrase before the quotation, you should place those names in the parenthetical citation. Because there are more than two authors, you should list the first author's last name and then replace the others with et al. You will need to include the page number for any quotations or paraphrases. the sentence's period after the closing parenthesis. . Remember to place The authors argue that the reason many companies are slow to embrace sustainable practices is that there is no relevant business case to persuade those in charge that sustainability will increase value to shareholders. The results of this experiment may be used to support the idea that sustainability can reduce costs, which might encourage business owners to adopt sustainable management practices. You should include at least one sentence after a quotation or paraphrase that sums up why that quotation or paraphrase was so important to your thesis statement or the major point you are supporting in that place in the paper. This usually means that you should not end a paragraph with a quotation because you would not be providing enough context for why the quotation is important. 4-3 Activity: Integrating Sources (GRADED) This assignment does not contain any printable content. 4-4 Reading and Video: Workshopping Writing Reading and Video: Workshopping Writing The Value of Workshopping Having others read over your draft and give feedback can be very valuable. To help you get out of the writer's mindset and into the reader's, you'll be reviewing writing plans written by your peers, and they will be doing the same for you. That said, peer workshopping can also be daunting. You may be concerned that you are not qualified to review someone else's work. You may be concerned that you will offend your peers by offering a critique. What is important to remember is that you are their first line of defense: providing constructive criticism gives them insight into what is working and not working as they prepare to draft their paper. This insight is invaluable, since it gives them the opportunity to reconsider sources that may not be credible or relevant for their topic. Video Two Sides of the Workshop Workshopping is a two-way street. During this stage of the writing process, you'll be perfoming two roles. First, you'll be reviewing the work of one of your classmates, and you'll give them feedback that will help them begin to draft their paper. You'll also be receiving feedback, which will help you Copyright © 2021 MindEdge Inc. All rights reserved. Duplication prohibited. begin your own draft. Let's focus on each of these roles a bit more. Workshopping the Work of a Classmate You may initially feel uncomfortable critiquing the work of one of your peers—you may worry that your workshop partner will take your comments personally. But you shouldn't! Don't forget, you are helping them write the best essay they can produce. Your feedback, even critical, is an important part of meeting that goal. One of the steps toward becoming a good writer is developing the ability to give and receive constructive criticism. Perhaps the most important thing to keep in mind when reviewing the work of your classmates is that your feedback should be as detailed as possible. Simply saying a point or source is "good" or "bad" won't help the writer much at all. Instead, you should explain your reactions to the writing. Feel free to make suggestions about how the author might make revisions or better support key points. If your peer's work contains significant grammatical errors, you should comment on those. However, don't get too caught up in the mechanics of their writing. Instead, pay more attention to higher order concerns relating to how well the author conveys ideas and how well the identified sources support the key points being made. Below are some guidelines to consider as you act as a reviewer. You'll be asked to respond to some of these questions when you workshop the writing of one of your peers later in this module. Responding to Workshopping Feedback Copyright © 2021 MindEdge Inc. All rights reserved. Duplication prohibited. You will be receiving feedback from one or more of your peers. Some of that feedback may contain constructive criticism. Keep in mind that this feedback is intended to make your writing as clear and effective as possible. We'll discuss responding to workshopping feedback in more detail in Module 5. 4-5 Discussion: Annotations and Writing Plan Workshop (GRADED) This assignment does not contain any printable content. Copyright © 2021 MindEdge Inc. All rights reserved. Duplication prohibited. FRANKLIN 1 WRITING PLAN ETHICS Part A The fundamental tenets of bioethics (autonomy, beneficence, non-malignancy, and justice) also apply to medical and healthcare decisions in healthcare ethics (also known as "medical ethics"). Health care ethics is a multidisciplinary objective to examine challenging problems and make actionable recommendations (Peter, 2018). Adequate medical care and compassion are critical components of its essence. This relates to cultural awareness. Health care professionals must be conscious of their own cultures and convictions and demonstrate respect for the ideas and customs of others. Health ethics is critical because workers must comprehend health problems and make appropriate judgments and decisions based on their beliefs while adhering to the regulations that govern them. They require sound judgment. Part B Cultural competence enables youngsters to comprehend, communicate with, and interact effectively with others. It is mainly concerned with establishing a connection between nurses and patients—understanding diverse cultural practices and global concepts. Ethical ideals are critical for all healthcare practitioners (Peter, 2018). The ethical practice serves as the foundation for nurses who deal with ethical issues daily. While nurses are caring for patients, ethical issues arise. Occasionally, these issues may conflict with the nurse's Ethics Code or moral principles. Patients' advocates and providers of medical care must strike a balance. Caregivers should be familiar with, aware of, and abide by their field's code of ethics. Patients should have a basic understanding of the critical ethical concepts. The nursing profession must always be trusted with patient care, and FRANKLIN 2 patient rights to self-identify needs and cultural standards must be protected. While ethical issues in nursing are challenging, they are a necessary component of patient art integration. Part C This essay's audience is comprised of both nurses and patients (Runciman et al., 2017). Patients should negotiate with nurses to clarify and respect their care preferences within their profession's restrictions. Attitudes and a lack of comprehension on some students may make it more challenging to embrace the views created in this paper. Additionally, the public can vigorously deny the claims. Part D The purpose of this article is to emphasize the critical nature of ethics in nursing education. Healthcare personnel frequently become embroiled in personal conflicts and the complexities of life and death decisions while working in an existing clinical unit, practice environment, or designated function (Runciman et al., 2017). The ability of nurses to keep up with the ethical challenges associated with these technological advancements in clinical treatment and research is put to the test by the development of knowledge as a result of breakthroughs in genetics, genomics, precision medicine, and other scientific domains. To succeed in this essay, I will ensure that I understand each term utilized. Additionally, I will write the paper eloquently and concisely. Part E This essay makes extensive use of secondary sources. Articles from a variety of sources will be helpful as resources. These include the following: A guide to health safety and ethics. Overview and Summary: Health Ethics: Responding Infants by Peter (2018). Additionally, Runciman et al. (2017) will be cited in the paper (Peter, 2018). This paper considers safety in FRANKLIN 3 addition to ethics. The material I'm gathering from numerous films and websites enables me to convey a concise message. Part F These essays examine how healthcare practitioners apply ethics to their practice. This demonstrates that the essay's argument and sources align with one another (Peter, 2018). Part G The most potent justifications for my thesis are the reasons why nurses in healthcare facilities should uphold ethical standards. This section will present the importance of ethical conduct amongst healthcare workers and cultural awareness (Peter, 2018). Additionally, I will make solid reasons and demonstrate why I feel this way. Part H The most compelling evidence fo...