how factors such as physical and sexual abuse, and alcohol and drug abuse, deficits in vocational/educational skills are related to delinquency? Why might these factors propel a status offender to move into higher level(s) of offenses?

Delinquency is an intricate condition that has numerous causes or factors. . Various factors such as familial, economic, school,and peer pressure, together, cause the incidence of delinquency in adolescents and children.

Familial factor

-According to psychologists, if the basic needs such as physical and emotional needs of someone are not satisfied in family , most probably he or she will commit anti-social behaviors in different ways. Lack of affection, intimate communication, mutual understanding, and yet existence tension in the family, disconnection in family, divorce, death of a parent are among the factors that are effective in incidence of crime by adolescents and children. 

Economic Factor

-According to Verrecchia, poverty is one of the main causes of delinquency especially in children and adolescents. Unemployment, lack of food and clothing, illiteracy, backwardness, ignorance and superstition, lack of adequate health care and types of mental and physical diseases, even at the global level, wars and atrocities are among the factors that are effective in incidence of crime by adolescents and children. 

 School factors

-According to Pathak, School is usually thought as a constructive agency but when it fails to perform its designated functions, it may become by virtue of its negligence, a main contributor to delinquency.

Peer pressure

-peer pressure from direct acquaintances can have an effect on how a juvenile reacts to bad situations. If all of their friends are committing delinquent acts, the child may feel pressured to do the same to be accepted. As the saying goes, "Tell me who yourr friends are and I will tell you who you are".