The Disabled Human User of Assistive Technologies 1 ? Refer to pg

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The Disabled Human User of Assistive Technologies 1 ? Refer to pg. 55 of text book (review w/class) ? ADL - Activities of Daily Living (bathing, getting around inside, dressing, eating, etc.) ? IADL - Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (household chores,doing necessary business, shopping, or getting around for other purposes) 2 ? The use of AT systems is to focus on the skills of the pwd/user and provide assistive devices that augment/replace functional limitations. ? The goal is to increase functional independence for pwd. The focus is on the remaining functioning rather than the existing lost function. 3 ? Skills - What can the person do? ? Limitations - What can the person not do? ? Motivation - What the person desires to do. ? When designing AT systems, a person should focus on these three components. 4 ? Input from Sensors is important for obtaining information from the environment. ? However, a person can have deficits in the areas of sensitivity & range. ? Sensitivity - deficits in properly detecting levels of light ,sound, or pressure. ? Range - deficits in properly detecting differences in size, amplitude, or magnitude. 5 ? Effectors -Neural muscular, and skeletal elements of the human body that provide movement or motor output. ? Ex. Use of body parts such as hand, fingers, feet, toes, tongue, eyes, etc. constitutes motor output. ? Ex. Hand, finger(s), tongue to be used to operate a joystick, button, or switch that controls electric wheelchair, computer, car, appliances, etc. 6 ? Central Processing ? Review figure 3-1 includes perception,cognition, psychosocial, and motor control. pg. 56 7 ? Is the interpretation and assignment of meaning to data received from sensors, and it involves information obtained from sensed data with information that has been stored in a person’s memory base of other sensory experiences. 8 ? Cognition refers to attention memory, problem solving, decision making, learning, language, and other related tasks. Ex. Operating an electric wheelchair 1) The person must visually scan the environment (attention memory); 2)process sensory data(problem solving); & 3) make decisions as to the direction of movement (decision making). Whether the person operates the chair correctly or incorrectly. The person should keep the motor output in his/her memory to call upon in the future. 9 ? Motor control - combining of sensory,perceptual, and cognitive components into a motor pattern that is performed by effectors/muscular/skeletal elements. ? Motor planning - purposeful movements are executed to accomplish a purposeful task. ? Motor learning - As tasked are performed over and over, the person will be able to perform the task automatically or with little effort. 10 ? Psychosocial functioning consist of identity, self protection, and motivation. 11 ? Vision - An important sensory domain to be used for AT use. ? Ex. Visual scanning of the environment for the purpose of reading, operating a car, appliance, etc. ? If vision is limited, then other sensory domains will be used to compensate. ? Ex. Auditory or tactile senses 12 ? Auditory - The important auditory functions that are used with AT are: Auditory threshold to include amplitude & frequency. ? Somatosensory - The persons ability to feel/interpret temperatures, tactile, and kinesthetic responses. ? Posture & Position - Control of the body in relation to space. 13 ? Human interpretation of sensory events is based on physiological function & prior sensory & perceptual experience. ? Based on the amount of experience a person has with using an AT device will often determine how the an sensory event is interpreted. 14 ? Two problems exist when assessing the cognitive abilities necessary for the control AT systems. 1. AT often provides a function for which the person has no experience base. 2. There are many cases where by effective technology use showed unexpected results given the person’s cognitive level. 15 ? Be familiar with Piaget’s stages of human development. 16 ? Pages 67-85 will not be covered on EXAM #1. It will be covered on EXAM #2. 17