Research project will be about "vaccination" and you may include the people who haven't taken the vaccine or refuses to take vaccine.

Our research papers are to be well-documented academic papers, using appropriate sources to support a clear line of argument. You will select your own topic for this project. The topic may be derived from the readings and discussions in this class, from your work in your other classes, or from your interest in something beyond your studies. A significant factor in the success of this project will be your ability to narrow the focus of your inquiry and to locate your topic within a meaningful context. 

Step 1: Research Paper Proposal

       Observing MLA format, you will submit a single page, outlining the topic and scope of your paper, your purpose in writing the paper, your method of research. 

 

Vaccination

COVID-19 being a global epidemic has claimed millions of lives worldwide in less than three years. To counter this disease different countries have developed vaccines to help their citizens and others around the world. This research will focus on the administration of Covid -19 vaccines and also try to explain why some people are vaccinated while others are not. Despite the efforts of governments to provide the vaccine to their citizens, there are still some people who have not yet been vaccinated or who do not want to be vaccinated. Since the administration of the vaccine, the COVID-19 cases and death tolls resulting from the disease have reduced. The purpose of this research is to determine factors that may affect the distribution and administration of the COVID-19 vaccines. This research will target areas with low COVID-19 vaccinations and find reasons as to why those areas have only a few people vaccinated.

This research will answer a question like, why are there more people vaccinated in some areas more than others? Why are there still people who have not yet been vaccinated? Why are people refusing to get vaccinated even when given a chance? This research aims to help the government and public health providers to have more insight on the factors that may lead to low COVID-19 vaccination than the targeted number and hence develop better strategies or alter the existing strategies to help administer the vaccines.

Literature Review

 In this section, we will consider past studies and research on COVID-19 and how they relate to our research. (Wong et al., 991) mentioned in their study that the national government gave priority to communities most affected by COVID-19 when issuing the vaccine. Public health officials used U.S. Census tract-level mapping to act as a guide in the vaccine allocation to promote shared accountability for equitable distribution of the COVID-19 vaccines with the vaccine providers (Wong et al., 991). Their research shows that the areas with more COVID-19 cases will receive more vaccines as compared with those regions with low COVID-19 cases. This research explains why in some regions there is a higher percentage of people being vaccinated as compared to other regions.

People have a preference on which COVID-19 vaccines since there are different types. When deciding on which vaccine to take, some people mostly consider three factors: the vaccine's effectiveness, side effects caused by the vaccines, and the immediacy of the vaccine (Borriello et al., 473-479). First, people tend to prefer the vaccines that are more effective and of higher quality, some individuals will take the risk of not getting vaccinated by a vaccine that is less effective than the one they prefer as they wait for the more effective vaccine. Second, people prefer vaccines that have mild and short-term side effects, some people who live with preexisting conditions like hypertension or diabetes are skeptical about the vaccines with more severe and long-term effects in fear that the vaccines would just as easily take their lives as the Covid 19 and hence will avoid them. Third, some people prefer the vaccines with an immediacy where they can easily and quickly get the vaccine rather than waiting in line for hours or traveling long distances to get the vaccines. 

The study by (Borriello et al., 473-479) shows that depending on the vaccine’s availability some individuals may decide not to get vaccinated if the vaccine they preferred was not administered or not available. This study would help us in our research to better understand why some individuals may not want to be vaccinated even when the opportunity to get vaccinated is presented to them. (Burgos, et al.) mentioned one challenge in the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine is the shortage of health care providers to administer the vaccines. The healthcare system is burdened with many patients suffering from different ailments not to add the COVID-19 patients, to find health workers who can be derived from the healthcare system to administer vaccines to the masses is no simple fit. The studies from these scholars though they are different in approaches show why some people are not vaccinated or do not want to get vaccinated.

Research Design

            The research will take both a qualitative and quantitative approach since it aims to explain the difference in the number of people who are being vaccinated against COVID-19 and factors that may contribute to this difference. A descriptive research design will be used in this study to do surveys that gather data that will be used to identify different situations and conditions that affect the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. The area under study will be the State of Idaho because it is the state with the least number of people being vaccinated having only 46% of its population who have received the vaccine at least once (Department of Health). The research will sample data from four cities in Idaho with the highest population, the cities under study will include: Boise City, Meridian, Nampa, and Idaho Falls. Idaho being a state has a lower population than most cities in America and its cities as it has less than 2 million people in the whole state.

            The state has a small population that could easily be vaccinated but despite it having a small population less than half of it is vaccinated which is unusual considering its population. These factors make the cities in Idaho a perfect sample to determine what factors lead to low vaccination even in areas with a low population. The data from this study will be conducted through questionnaires that will be issued in the surveys conducted in the respective cities. The questionnaires will be issued to some employees who are on break, door-to-door issuing, people who are relaxing in recreational facilities or parks, and passersby. The data collected will then be analyzed through content analysis, regression analysis, and ANOVA. After analyzing the data, we will draw various conclusions as to which factors affect the administration of the vaccine the most and then find ways to address them.