question archive NR283 Pathophysiology RUA: Pathophysiological Processes Paper Guidelines Purpose This project is an in-depth investigation of a health condition
NR283 Pathophysiology RUA: Pathophysiological Processes Paper Guidelines Purpose This project is an in-depth investigation of a health condition
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NR283 Pathophysiology RUA: Pathophysiological Processes Paper Guidelines Purpose This project is an in-depth investigation of a health condition. It will allow for the expansion of knowledge and the ability to generalize larger concepts to a variety of health conditions. Course outcomes: This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes. 1. Explain the pathophysiologic processes of select health conditions. (PO 1) 2. Predict clinical manifestations and complications of select disease processes. (PO 1, 8) 3. Correlate lifestyle, environmental, and other influences with changes in levels of wellness. (PO 1, 7) Due date: Your faculty member will inform you when this assignment is due. The Late Assignment Policy applies to this assignment. Total points possible: 100 points Preparing the assignment Follow these guidelines when completing this assignment. Speak with your faculty member if you have questions. 1) Select a disease process that interests you. 2) Obtain approval of the selected disease process from the course faculty. a. Faculty will share how to submit your topic choice for approval. 3) Write a 2-3-page paper (excluding title and reference pages). 4) Include the following sections about the selected disease process (detailed criteria listed below and in the Grading Rubric). a. Introduction of disease - 10 points/10% • One paragraph (approximately 200 words) • Includes disease description • Includes epidemiology of disease b. Etiology and risk factors - 20 points/20% • Common causes of the disease or condition • Risk factors for the disease or condition • Impact of age • Prevalence based on gender, • Influence of environment • Genetic basis of disease • Lifestyle influences • All information supported by current literature c. Pathophysiological processes - 20 points/20% • Describes changes occurring at the cellular, tissue, and/or organ level that contribute to the disease process. • Describes adaptation of the cells and body in response to the disease. • Relates disease processes to manifested signs and symptoms. d. Clinical manifestations and complications - 20 points/20% • Describes the physical signs and symptoms that are important in considering the presence of the disease. • Identifies signs that contribute to diagnosis of the condition • Identifies symptoms that contribute to diagnosis of the condition. • Identifies complications of the disease. • Discusses the implications to the patient when complications are left untreated. e. Diagnostics - 10 points/10% • Includes list of common laboratory and diagnostic tests used to determine the presence of the disease. © 2021 Chamberlain University. All Rights Reserved NR283_Pathopysiological_Processes_Paper_Guidelines_V5_DRAFT 1 NR283 Pathophysiology RUA: Pathophysiological Processes Paper Guidelines • Discusses the significance of test findings in relation to the disease process. Interview - 10 points/10% • Once the student has become familiar with the disorder, it is their responsibility to locate an individual living with the disease process to interview (interviewee). It is recommended that you find an individual first, then complete research and writing on the topic prior to performing the interview. ? The interviewee must be at least 18 years old and able to answer questions by themselves ? The interviewee must currently have the chronic disease/disorder. If an interviewee has been diagnosed with a disease/disorder but has NO manifestations or complications related to the disorder they DO NOT qualify for the assignment. ? Acute infections/diseases DO NOT qualify (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, flu, colds). ? The interviewee cannot be a patient from the clinical setting or a patient from your work environment (hospitals, doctor’s office, LTC facility, home health, etc.) ? The interviewee may be a relative, friend, colleague, or stranger. ? Please use the individual’s own words in relation to their experience with the disease/disorder. • NOTE: This assignment is for educational purposes only. Students are NOT to provide any medical/nursing advice or education to interviewees. Refer interviewee questions to their physician. • Interview Questions ? What is the age of the individual being interviewed? What is the relationship of the individual to you? How long have they had the disorder? ? What clinical manifestations of the disorder does the individual experience? How does it compare to what you discovered in your resources? ? What complications of the disorder does the individual experience? How does this compare to what you discovered in your resources? ? What other medical conditions/disorders has the individual been diagnosed with? Do their other medical conditions have any effect on the chosen disorder? ? How does the disease affect the individual’s daily living/activities? (repeat hospitalizations, has to take a lot of meds, any activity restrictions, a lot of appointments?) ? How does the disease/disorder affect the individual’s outlook on life? (Feel like a burden to family, do they have good family support, feel hopeless, optimistic, good coping mechanisms?) ? What did you learn from interviewing the individual? g. APA Style and Organization - 10 points/10% • References are submitted with assignment. • Uses current APA format and is free of errors. • Grammar and mechanics are free of errors. • Paper is 2-3 pages, excluding title and reference pages. • At least two (2) scholarly, primary sources from the last 5 years, excluding the textbook, are provided. f. For writing assistance, visit the Writing Center. Please note that your instructor may provide you with additional assessments in any form to determine that you fully understand the concepts learned. © 2021 Chamberlain University. All Rights Reserved NR283_Pathopysiological_Processes_Paper_Guidelines_V5_SEP21 2 NR283 Pathophysiology RUA: Pathophysiological Processes Paper Guidelines Grading Rubric Criteria are met when the student’s application of knowledge within the paper demonstrates achievement of the outcomes for this assignment. Assignment Section and Highest Level of High Level of Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Section Required Criteria Performance Performance Level of Level of Not (Points possible/% of total points available) Performance Performance Present Introduction of Disease (10 points/10%) Required criteria 1. One (approximately 200 words) paragraph 2. Includes disease description 3. Includes epidemiology of disease Etiology and Risk Factors (20 points/20%) Required criteria 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Common causes of the disease or condition Risk factors for the disease or condition Impact of age Prevalence based on gender Influence of environment Genetic basis of disease Lifestyle influences All information supported by current literature Pathophysiological Processes (20 points/20%) Required criteria 1. Describes changes occurring at the cellular, tissue, and/or organ level that contribute to the disease process. 2. Describes adaptation of the cells and body in response to the disease. 3. Relates disease processes to manifested signs and symptoms. 10 points Includes 3 requirements for section. 20 points Includes 8 requirements for section. 20 points Includes 3 requirements for section. 8 points 9 points Includes 2 requirements for section. Includes no less than 1 requirement for section. 18 points Includes 7 requirements for section. 16 points Includes 6 requirements for section. 18 points Includes 2 requirements for section. 4 points Present, yet includes no required criteria. 7 points Includes 5 or fewer requirements for section. 16 points 7 points Includes no less than 1 requirements for section. Section present yet includes no required criteria. 0 points No requirements for this section presented. 0 points No requirements for this section presented. 0 points No requirements for this section presented. © 2021 Chamberlain University. All Rights Reserved NR283_Pathopysiological_Processes_Paper_Guidelines_V5_SEP21 3 NR283 Pathophysiology RUA: Pathophysiological Processes Paper Guidelines Clinical Manifestations & Complications (20 points/20%) Required criteria 1. Describes the physical signs and symptoms that are important in considering the presence of the disease. 2. Identifies signs that contribute to diagnosis of the condition 3. Identifies symptoms that contribute to diagnosis of the condition. 4. Identifies complications of the disease. 5. Discusses the implications to the patient when complications are left untreated. 20 points Includes 4 requirements for section. Diagnostics (10 points/10%) Required criteria 18 points Includes 3 requirements for section. 16 points Includes 2 requirements for section. 10 points 1. 2. 3. 4. What is the age of the individual being interviewed? What is the relationship of the individual to you? How long have they had the disorder? What clinical manifestations of the disorder does the individual experience? How does it compare to what you discovered in your resources? What complications of the disorder does the individual experience? How does this compare to what you discovered in your resources? What other medical conditions/disorders has the individual been diagnosed with? Do their other medical conditions have any effect on the chosen Includes 1 or fewer requirements for section. 4 points Includes 1 requirement for section. Includes 2 requirements for section. 1. Includes list of common laboratory and diagnostic tests used to determine the presence of the disease. 2. Discusses the significance of test findings in relation to the disease process. Individual Interview (10 points/10%) Required criteria 7 points 10 points 9 points 8 points 4 points Includes answers to 7 question sets. Includes answers to 6 question sets. Includes answers to 5 question sets. Includes answers to 1-4 question sets. 0 points No requirements for this section presented. 0 points No requirements for this section presented. 0 points No question sets answered or section not present. © 2021 Chamberlain University. All Rights Reserved NR283_Pathopysiological_Processes_Paper_Guidelines_V5_SEP21 4 NR283 Pathophysiology RUA: Pathophysiological Processes Paper Guidelines 5. 6. 7. disorder? How does the disease affect the individual’s daily living/activities? (repeat hospitalizations, must take a lot of meds, any activity restrictions, a lot of appointments?) How does the disease/disorder affect the individual’s outlook on life? (Feel like a burden to family, do they have good family support, feel hopeless, optimistic, good coping mechanisms?) What did you learn from interviewing the individual? APA Style and Organization (10 points/10%) Required criteria 1. 2. 3. 4. References are submitted with assignment. Uses current APA format and is free of errors. Grammar and mechanics are free of errors. Paper is 2-3 pages, excluding title and reference pages 5. At least two (2) scholarly, primary sources from the last 5 years, excluding the textbook, are provided 10 points Includes 5 requirements for section. 9 points Includes 4 requirements for section. 8 points Includes 3 requirements for section. 4 points Includes 1-2 requirements for section. 0 points No requirements for this section presented. Total Points Possible = 100 points © 2021 Chamberlain University. All Rights Reserved NR283_Pathopysiological_Processes_Paper_Guidelines_V5_SEP21 5
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Pathophysiological Processes, Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is an illness that causes pain in the entire body. Researchers believe this illness intensifies painful feelings by influencing how the spinal cord and the brain process the non-painful and painful signs. Fibromyalgia has spread all over the globe affecting almost one in twenty people worldwide (Ananya Mandal, 2021). Nearly two to ten percent of people in the United States spread across all age groups are affected by this illness. More than one million adults in Wales and England have been diagnosed with this disease. In the United States, it is estimated that almost five million adults have been pronounced with this ailment. Currently, more women have fibromyalgia than men.
Although men have also been diagnosed with this ailment, women are more likely to develop this condition. The prevalence in women currently stands at 3.4% and 0.5% among men (Marques et al., 2017). Research shows that this condition is likely to occur in adults between thirty and sixty years. Women between twenty and fifty-five years, those in their childbearing age, are at high risk of contracting this disease and those working. Fibromyalgia is related to low productivity, low insight into the quality of life and wellbeing. This is because a working adult diagnosed with fibromyalgia misses work for almost seventeen working days in a year concerning their healthy counterparts who miss six days.
Several things, such as genetics, cause fibromyalgia. Some families have fibromyalgia which is passed from one generation to another (Rath, 2019). Other diseases such as arthritis or certain infections increase your chances of contracting fibromyalgia. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health issue that occurs among individuals who have gone through horrific events like rape or war that are also associated with fibromyalgia. Children that are physically or emotionally abused while growing up have high chances of having this illness when they grow up.
Gender plays a huge role as women are more at risk of contracting fibromyalgia than men, especially women of their childbearing age (Furness et al., 2018). People who are docile and less physically active are likely to have fibromyalgia, as exercise is proven to be among the best remedies for it. It can aid in lowering the intensity of the pain. Mood disorders such as depression and anxiety are also associated with fibromyalgia. Age also plays a massive role as this condition is likely to occur in adults between thirty and sixty years, but it may also affect the elderly and the children.
Fibromyalgia is characterized by pain caused by changes in the central processing sensory input, abnormalities in the obstruction of pain, and abnormal quantities of Serotonin, cortisol, growth hormones, and norepinephrine that are significant neurotransmitters in obstructing pathways that produce pain (Jay, 2016). An abnormal pain processing results in chronic pain as a result of various interchanging mechanisms.
In increased exposure to a painful stimulus, incoming sensory signals are raised, and synaptic release of substance P and Excitatory Amino Acids (EAAs) is amplified. Neurotransmitter changes cause abnormal neurochemical processing of the sensory signals in the CNS, which lowers the threshold of pain and intensifies standard sensory signals leading to frequent pain (Galvez-Sánchez & Reyes del Paso, 2020). The Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis(HPA)is a crucial element of the stress-adaptation response that develops abnormalities when mood disorders are introduced, leading to symptoms induced by stress.
Symptoms of Fibromyalgia include experiencing widespread pain all over both sides of the body and below the waist that has lasted at least three months (Bidari et al., 2018). One also experiences fatigue after waking up even when they have gotten enough hours of sleep. People with Fibromyalgia experience sleep disorders like sleep apnea and restless legs as their sleep is interrupted mainly by pain. Cognitive difficulties are felt among the patients, impair their focus, concentration, and attention to the mental tasks. Fibromyalgia can also be diagnosed by examining the changes in the spinal cord and brain signals in processing pain signals.
Another symptom analyzed is increased pain when a dense pressure is directed to some regions of the patient's body, known as tender points. The complications of Fibromyalgia include a decreased quality of life, frequent hospitalization, increased depression, and even suicide in more severe cases. Srinivasan et al. (2019) the importance of test findings in fibromyalgia will distinguish if the patent has Fibromyalgia or other underlying conditions like arthritis, lupus, and thyroid disease with similar symptoms.
I managed to interview Hannah Smith, who is a thirty-eight-year-old lady diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. She is our family friend and was diagnosed with Fibromyalgia four years ago. As proven by researchers, she experiences pain on both sides of her body and frequently complains of fatigue. She has been hospitalized numerous times and has also been diagnosed with arthritis, contributing to her exhaustion. Fibromyalgia has affected Hannah’s daily activities as she is frequently hospitalized and takes a lot of medicine to treat the same.
She avoids taking foods with low sugar levels as an increase in sugar levels is associated with increased Fibromyalgia pain and controlling her weight. Hannah says that after being diagnosed with Fibromyalgia, she has grown closer with her family as they support her. From Hannah’s interview, I have learned that Fibromyalgia is an ailment that causes significant stress and strain to an individual. Still, someone can cope with it by seeking the appropriate treatment after the proper diagnosis.
Outline-Pathophysiological Processes, Fibromyalgia
- Fibromyalgia is an illness that causes pain in the entire body.
- Fibromyalgia has spread all over the globe affecting almost one in twenty people worldwide.
- In the United States, it is estimated that almost five million adults have been pronounced with this ailment. Currently, more women have fibromyalgia than men.
- Several things, such as genetics, cause fibromyalgia. Some families have fibromyalgia which is passed from one generation to another.
- Fibromyalgia is characterized by pain caused by changes in the central processing sensory input, abnormalities in the obstruction of pain, and abnormal quantities of Serotonin.
- Symptoms of Fibromyalgia include experiencing widespread pain all over both sides of the body and below the waist that has lasted at least three months.
- I managed to interview Hannah Smith, who is a thirty-eight-year-old lady diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. She is our family friend and was diagnosed with Fibromyalgia four years ago. As proven by researchers, she experiences pain on both sides of her body and frequently complains of fatigue. She has been hospitalized numerous times and has also been diagnosed with arthritis, contributing to her exhaustion. Fibromyalgia has affected Hannah’s daily activities as she is frequently hospitalized and takes a lot of medicine to treat the same. She avoids taking foods with low sugar levels as an increase in sugar levels is associated with increased Fibromyalgia pain and controlling her weight. Hannah says that after being diagnosed with Fibromyalgia, she has grown closer with her family as they support her. From Hannah’s interview, I have learned that Fibromyalgia is an ailment that causes significant stress and strain to an individual. Still, someone can cope with it by seeking the appropriate treatment after the proper diagnosis.
