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Present evidence of knowing the main reactions and important physical properties of at least six classes of organic compounds - alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids and amines

The answers are shown below

Step-by-step explanation

ALKENES

They are unsaturated hydrocarbons that have a carbon-carbon double bond in their molecule.

Physical Properties

The presence of the double bond slightly modifies the physical properties of alkenes versus alkanes. Of these, the boiling temperature is the one that changes the least. The presence of the double bond is more noticeable in aspects such as polarity and acidity.

Polarity

Depending on the structure, a weak dipole moment may appear. The alkyl-alkenyl bond is polarized in the direction of the atom with the sp² orbital, since the s component of a sp² orbital is larger than in a sp

Acidity

Alkenyl carbon has higher acidity compared to alkanes, also due to the polarity of the bond. Thus, ethane (alkane) has a pKa of 50 (or a Ka of 10-50) compared to pKa = 44 of ethene. This fact is easily explained considering that, when a proton is detached from the molecule, a remaining negative charge remains, which in the case of ethene is more easily delocalized in the π and σ bond than in the simple σ bond that exists in an alkane.

Reactions

Hydrohalogenation: refers to the reaction with hydrogen halides forming halogenated alkanes of the CH₃-CH₂ = CH₂ + HX → CH₃CHXCH₃ mode.

Polymerization: They form polymers of the mode n CH₂ = CH₂ → (-CH₂-CH₂-) n polymer, (polyethylene in this case).

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/alkenes-definition-properties-examples.html

ALCOHOLS

Organic chemical compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) to replace a hydrogen atom, an alkane, covalently linked to a carbon atom, carbinol group (C-OH). Furthermore, this carbon must be saturated, that is, it must have only simple bonds to certain atoms (adjacent atoms).

Physical Properties

Alcohols are usually colorless liquids with a characteristic odor, soluble in water in variable proportions and less dense than it. As the molecular mass increases, its melting and boiling points also increase, and may be solid at room temperature (for example, pentaerythritol melts at 260 ° C). Unlike the alkanes from which they are derived, the hydroxyl functional group allows the molecule to be soluble in water due to the similarity of the hydroxyl group to the water molecule and allows it to form hydrogen bonds.

Reactions

-Functional group exchanges (-OH → -X).

-C-O-C link formation.

-Formation of carbon-carbon bonds (C-OH → C-C).