Q1)  In 2010, the nursing and midwifery profession was regulated nationally, along with all allied health professionals and doctors, through which organisation?

Q2) With a focus on your local area:

a)           List four (4) health care settings available within the region

b)           What are four (4) strengths and four (4) weakness associated with the overall local health care system?

 

Q3) How can you ensure that during your nursing career you ensure your professional practice meets the audit and / or accreditation requirements of the organisation?

 

Q4) Identify the basis of Nursing theorists and how they could be incorporated into nursing practice.

 

 

Q5) What are the legal considerations relating to nursing practice when working with a patient under 18 years? Why can the law be described as unclear when considering people between the ages of 14-18?

 

Q6) Read the following scenario and answer the questions that follow

You are an enrolled nurse working on a busy medical ward. One of the other nurses you worked a shift with yesterday has put a post on Facebook about how busy the shift was and complained about a 45-year-old woman she was looking after who had lung cancer and was 'difficult and demanding'  Is this a breach of the NMBA social media policy? Discuss

Answer:

1. World Health Organization 

2. 

A. (4) Local health care settings 

  a)  Hospital

  b) Outpatient clinic

  c)  Long term care facility 

  d) Hospice

B. Strengths and Weaknesses associated with the  over all local health care system

STRENGTHS 

1. cultural connections

2. superior location or geographic advantage.

3. capabilities or cost advantages

4. special expertise and/or experience

WEAKNESSES

1. prevalence of avoidable diseases caused by poor health habits

2. coverage and financing of long-term care services

3. financing of expensive new technologies and pharmaceuticals

4. shortage and unbalanced geographic distribution of health care 

3. I believe that if you can be able to demonstrate respect, compassion, and integrity; a responsiveness to the needs of patients and society that supersedes self-interest; accountability to patients, society, and the profession; and a commitment to excellence and on-going professional development, then it is rest assured that you will meet the organization's requirement. 

Determination of a minor's competence for medical decision making should include evidence that the minor has the ability to understand the purpose of treatments, risks, both long- and short-term consequences, benefits, and alternatives to treatments. In addition, evidence must be present to ensure that the minor is able to make an informed decision without coercion

4. Four major concepts are frequently interrelated and fundamental to nursing theory: person, environment, health, and nursing. These four are collectively referred to as metaparadigm for nursing. Person, Nursing, Environment, and Health - the four main concepts that make up the nursing metaparadigm. 

         Theory provides nurses with a perspective with which to view client situations, a way to organize the hundreds of data bits encountered in the day-to-day care of clients, and a way to analyze and interpret the information. They provide a foundational knowledge of care concepts that enable those in the profession to explain what they do for patients and the reasons for their actions. This is particularly important because it helps nurses articulate evidence that justifies the methodologies behind their practice.

5.  Healthcare providers have a legal and ethical responsibility to protect the rights of minors by assuring that they are well informed, confidentiality is protected, and they participate in decision making. In research, however, the inability of minors to give full, informed consent to participation creates true ethical and legal dilemmas, which have been minimally addressed with parental/surrogate consent and child assent.  Minors were not considered legally capable of making medical decisions and were viewed as incompetent because of their age. The authority to consent or refuse treatment for a minor remained with a parent or guardian. This parental authority was derived from the constitutional right to privacy regarding family matters, common law rule, and a general presumption that parents or guardians will act in the best interest of their incompetent child.

         However, over the years, the courts have gradually recognized that children younger than 18 years who show maturity and competence deserve a voice in determining their course of medical treatment.  To determine the competence of a minor, courts look at age, experience, degree of maturity, judgment skills, the demeanor of the minor, evidence of separateness from parents, and the particular facts in the case.  Determination of a minor's competence for medical decision making should include evidence that the minor has the ability to understand the purpose of treatments, risks, both long- and short-term consequences, benefits, and alternatives to treatments. In addition, evidence must be present to ensure that the minor is able to make an informed decision without coercion. 

6. YES. Inappropriate use of social media can result in harm to patients and the profession, particularly given the changing nature of privacy and the capacity for material to be posted by others. Harm may include breaches of confidentiality, defamation of colleagues or employers, violation of practitioner-patient boundaries or an unintended exposure of personal information to the public, employers, consumers and others. Information stays on social media indefinitely. Information published on social media is often impossible to remove or change and can be circulated widely, easily and rapidly. Therefore, it's important that you are very careful about what you like or post online-regardless of where in the world the site is based or the language used.

Step-by-step explanation

1. Empowering nurses and midwives to provide leadership at every level of the health system remains key to health system strengthening. This ensures that care is delivered to where it is most needed, and offers the flexibility to address the increasing burdens of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, in both stable and conflict-torn countries worldwide. The diversity of nurse/midwife roles has been enhanced through continuous education. Strategic planning for national nursing and midwifery human resources has been developed and implemented.

2. The health care industry is responding, moving to a value-based system of delivery rather than a fee-for-service model. With their leadership, collaboration, and problem-solving abilities, health care administrators are positioned to lead the transition to the value-based model in all types of health care facilities.

3. The primary rationale for professionalism and collaboration is to promote patient safety. Health care is delivered by teams of professionals who need to communicate well, respecting the principles of honesty, respect for others, confidentiality and responsibility for their actions. Professionals with altruism will have good social relationships with patients and colleagues. On the whole, altruism is being passionate about one's profession.

4. Nursing theories provide the foundation for nursing practice and are essential to the care of patients. Nursing theories help bedside nurses evaluate patient care and base nursing interventions on the evaluation of the findings. The theories can also provide nurses with the rationale to make certain decisions.

5.  Minors can and should participate in medical decision making commensurate with their developmental level and ability. However, the concept of informed consent has only limited application in pediatric care. Only competent minors with legal empowerment have the ability to give true informed consent to medical treatment.

6.  Nurses utilizing public platforms such as social media to express their opinion (which all people have the legal right to do) must make a professional judgement regarding any potential risk to their own, their colleagues? and/or patient privacy, and their professional accountability.

REFERENCE:

World Health Organization. (2013). Final-Nursing Midwifery Program Report (ISBN 978 92 4 150586 4). https://www.who.int/hrh/nursing_midwifery/NursingMidwiferyProgressReport.pdf?ua=1

Regis College Online. (2021, April 22). What Are the Common Types of Health Care Facilities for Health Administrators to Lead? https://online.regiscollege.edu/blog/types-of-health-care-facilities/

Raudonis, B. M. (2020). Theory-based nursing practice. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9231288/

Minors' Rights in Medical Decision Making (9th ed., Vol. 3). (2007). Lippincot William and Wilkins. https://nursing.ceconnection.com/ovidfiles/00128488-200707000-00013.pdf