There is an assignment of answering questions in a limited time, which about "Human Behavioral Biology and Evolution"

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There is an assignment of answering questions in a limited time, which about "Human Behavioral Biology and Evolution". Complete 28 very basic choice/TF questions in 1h. (28 Questions uploaded file is the sample)
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Questions AN 102 Exam 3 These are terms and questions that we covered/will cover prior to the third exam. Please familiarize yourself with these terms. This is meant to be a guide, so not all terms on the review sheet may show up on the exam, and the review sheet may not be all-inclusive. You can benefit from forming a study group with your peers in class. Paleontology - Paleontology - Fossil - Sediment - Stratigraphy - Endocast - taphonomy - Radiometric dating - Paleomagnetism - Molecular clock - Relative dating - Absolute dating - Calibration methods - Isotope - Continental drift What are the basic principles of stratigraphy? How can we use the comparative method to infer past ways of life from fossils? How do we use the molecular clock to estimate divergence dates amongst species? What are some conditions that allow for preservation of fossils? Fossil Primates - Geologic timescale Paleocene Eocene Oligocene Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene Holocene - Arboreal Hypothesis Nocturnal Visual Predation Hypothesis Angiosperm Hypothesis Euprimate Euarchonta Plesiadapiforms Adapoids/adapiforms Omomyoids/omomyiforms Early anthropoids Fayum Stem platyrrhines Stem catarrhines Carpolestes Adapis Teilhardina Apidium Perupithecus Tremacebus Rukwapithecus Nsunwengepithecus Aegyptopithecus Proconsul Sivapithecus Gigantopithecus Subfossil lemurs What are the dates of the geologic epochs listed? What are the main hypotheses that can explain the origins of primate features? Are these hypotheses mutually exclusive? When did some of the major fossil primate groups exist? What are some of the features of major fossil primate groups? AN 102 Exam 3 What are the relationships between fossil and living primates? What environmental factors may have driven changes in locomotion toward bipedalism? How did platyrrhines disperse to South America? Why are certain skeletal traits related to bipedalism? How does this involve an animal’s center of gravity? What are the possible modes of dispersal of the hominoids during the Miocene epoch? Hominin Traits - What are the levels of the hominoid phylogeny? Ex. – what do we mean when we use the term, “hominin” vs “hominid”? - Bipedalism - Obligate bipedalism - Habitual bipedalism - Brain size - Foramen magnum - Adduct - Abduct - Hallux - Lordosis - Kyphosis - Valgus angle - Longitudinal arch - Diastema - Sectorial/honing premolar - Prognathism - Orthognathism - Cranial capacity How much DNA to humans and chimpanzees/bonobos share in common? Did bipedalism or large brains evolve first in the human lineage? Where is the human center of gravity compared to a quadrupedal ape? Early Hominins - Sahelanthropus tchadensis - Orrorin tugenensis - Australopithecina - Ardipithecus kadabba - Ardipithecus ramidus What kind of features do we expect to find in the earliest members of the human lineage? When did these fossil taxa exist? Roughly when are the dates for these fossils? Where were these fossil taxa found*? Why are these fossil taxa considered early hominins? Australopiths - Australopithecina - Australopithecus anamensis - A. afarensis Lucy Dikika child Laetoli footprints - A. africanus - A. sediba - Paranthropus - P. aethiopicus - P. boisei - P. robustus AN 102 Exam 3 - Sagittal crest Post-orbital constriction Temporalis muscle Masseter muscle Microwear Mosaic features When did these fossil taxa exist? Roughly when are the dates for these fossils? Where were these fossil taxa found*? When did these fossil taxa exist? Roughly when are the dates for these fossils? What kinds of tool technologies are associated with earlier Homo? Later Homo? Where were these fossil taxa found*? What are some of the reasons we lump mid-Pleistocene hominins into “wastebasket” categories like “Archaic H. sapiens”? Why are these fossil taxa considered hominins? Based on fossil material, what was the likely diet of Australopithecus? What about Paranthropus? What can we tell about the behavior of Australopithecus from the fossil record? How much variation was present in the Pleistocene? What are the central debates around H. habilis/H. rudolfensis and H. erectus/ H. ergaster? Is there any evidence ancient hominins had culture? Homo - Homo habilis H. rudolfensis H. naledi H. erectus/ergaster H. heidelbergensis H. neanderthalensis H. sapiens Archaic H. sapiens/heidelbergs H. antecessor H. rhodesiensis H. floresiensis H. luzonensis Denisovans What are the derived features of the genus, Homo? Is there any evidence ancient hominins had language? Is there evidence that Neanderthals wore clothing? What are the relationships between the listed fossil hominins? How much has ancient DNA changed the field of paleoanthropology? What kinds of information can we obtain? What are the limitations of collecting, extracting, and analyzing aDNA? Can aDNA be extracted as far back as millions of years ago? Can aDNA be extracted and analyzed in any lab setting? AN 102 Exam 3 What hypotheses exist to explain short stature in H. flloresiensis? Human Biogeography and Variation - Anatomically modern Homo sapiens - Australasia - Melanesia - Polynesia - Beringia - The Americas - Indigenous - Continuous traits - Clinal variation - Sexual dimorphism - Demography - Melanocytes - Melanin - Vitamin D - Folate - Local adaptations - Eugenics - Race/Racism - Colonialism - Sex - Gender How did humans disperse into Australia and the rest of Oceania? Roughly how early did humans occupy Australia? What route did humans take to migrate into the Americas? Roughly when do humans arrive in the Americas? How much do humans vary genetically? Phenotypically? Where are melanocytes found? How does UVB radiation relate to skin pigmentation? What are the evolutionary reasons that humans evolved light and dark skin? Is race a meaningful biological category? How is race perceived socially? How has colonialism affected our ideas about race? Forensic Anthropology - Biological profile - Age estimation - Sex estimation - Trait frequencies What kinds of traits are useful to determine the biological profile of a decedent? Is age easier or harder to determine from skeletal elements in adults or subadults? *Broad geographic ranges are fine (East Africa, South Africa, Europe, Asia, etc). 28 Questions Figure 1: Strepsirrhine cladogram Figure 2: Haplorrhine cladogram Figure 3: Cercopithecoid cladogram Figure 4: Hominoid cladogram Figure 5: Expanded Linnaean hierarchy Color vision genotypes and phenotypes Figure 6: routine dichromacy Figure 7: routine monochromacy Figure 8: routine trichromacy Figure 9: Polymorphic trichromacy dichromacy Figure 10: Polymorphic trichromacy trichromatic females Figure 11: taxonomic categories suffixes