Evolution Mechanism Ventral view superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Dorsal view Cardiac cycle: Systole – contracted Diastole - relaxed SA – Sinoatrial node AV – atrioventricular node ECG - electrocardiogram Iso – same Telo - end Lecithal – having a yolk Studentreader

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Evolution Mechanism Ventral view superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Dorsal view Cardiac cycle: Systole – contracted Diastole - relaxed SA – Sinoatrial node AV – atrioventricular node ECG - electrocardiogram Iso – same Telo - end Lecithal – having a yolk Studentreader.com, © L. M. Clancy Fish eggs The Amniotic Egg Isogamy vs Anisogamy Blastula – hollow ball of cells Blastocoel – cavity Pluripotent Totipotent Pluteus larva of an urchin Differentiation vs Induction 0 to 10 weeks © robby.nstemp.com/ Part I - Circulatory system 1. Which phyla have a circulatory system? Indicate whether it’s an open or closed system. 2. What is the function of the circulatory system? 3. Watch the first 8 mins of this video of a sheep heart anatomy demonstration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Qm1fxePfAs Label the following structures and indicate their function: B A C D A. ___________________________________________ B. ___________________________________________ C. ___________________________________________ D. ___________________________________________ 4. Watch this video demonstration of a model human heart: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WyKBFWYKRBY Label the following structures and indicate their function: E F G H K L M I (red vessel) J (blue vessel) E. ___________________________________________ F. ___________________________________________ G. ___________________________________________ H. ___________________________________________ I. ___________________________________________ J. ___________________________________________ K. ___________________________________________ L. ___________________________________________ M. ___________________________________________ 5. What is the function of capillaries? Blood Pressure: 6. When you place a stethoscope on your heart, you hear a ‘lub’ and ‘dub’ sound. Explain what these sounds mean and the anatomical structures involved. 7. When you place your fingers on your neck or wrist, what do you feel? 8. What is responsible for what you feel? Watch this video of blood pressure basics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHXvhOQ0hYc&t=9s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIeWbQj-cyc&t=74s 9. What does systole mean? 10. What does diastole mean? 11. In a few words, how do you measure blood pressure? Part II – Fertilization and development Please watch this video from 3:00 onward: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUdAEGXLO-8 12. Explain how fertilization occurs in humans. Be sure to include (at least!) the following terms in your answer: sperm, uterus, acrosome, cervix, granulosa cells, acrosomal reaction, fallopian tube, zona pellucida, oocyte, calcium channels 13. What are TWO challenges that sperm must overcome to reach their intended destination (the oocyte)? 14. After they have been deposited into the female vaginal canal, how does a sperm know which way to go in order to reach the egg? 15. Briefly explain how hormonal birth control functions to significantly lower the chance of sperm fertilizing an egg. 16. Briefly explain how ONE other birth control method functions to reduce the chance of an egg getting fertilized by sperm. Watch these videos, do a little research, and answer the questions that follow: Urchin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sq-BY-JpPaM Salamander: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEejivHRIbE Zebrafish: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQNxHGpK7Wc 17. Describe early embryonic development in sea urchins, salamander, and zebrafish. 18. How is early embryonic development DIFFERENT among sea urchin, salamander, and zebrafish? 19. From a developmental perspective, briefly define the terms below: Differentiation Gastrulation Cleavage Blastocoel Induction Vegetal pole 20. What are TWO derivatives of ectoderm?